Beowulf Essay

English 1001 Beowulf Essay The element of religious tension is common in Anglo-Saxon writings, but a pagan story with a Christian narrator is unusual. â€Å"Much of the poem’s narrative intervention reveals that the poet’s culture was different from that of his ancestors† and also that of his characters (Watson). There are many different perceptions to the reasons why the author wrote Beowulf. The best answer, in my opinion, was that the author was creating a magical and intriguing story that had an underlying theme to it.Christianity was a newly introduced religion to the western Europeans at the time and I believe that someone would have written about it, or at least the conflicts that came with it. This is just a background in which time period the story was told, even more evidence to this interpretation is buried in the actual text. Though still an old pagan story, Beowulf was told by a Christian poet. People believe the epic Beowulf is a story full of pagan tradition. However, Beowulf is really a Christian-based story, in which Christianity prevails. Nature is accommodating; death and fate are controllable; man can reconcile with the world; and the main character, a hero and representative of good, triumphs over evil and does not fail in the end† (Perrello). The way the author incorporated many side notes, of what seemed to be other tales told at the time that may not have ever been saved like this one, was an amazing mystery for our present day historians to try and solve. The beginning of the story is where we find our first sign of Christianity, as the poem goes, â€Å"Afterward a boy-child was born to Shield, a cub in the yard, a comfort sent by God to that nation† (Beowulf 12-14).This child was a blessing for this tribe and was the uprising of their downfall and this is where we see that first conflict between the Heroic Code and Christianity. Complete polar opposites are the two, favoring blood- shed and vengeance, family, and praising the king who led them into battle. Christianity on the other hand is all about showing one another kindness and grace. There must have been confusion when these tribes were first introduced to this way of life. But the more and more these stories of God were told, people’s lives changed and they started to be moved.It’s the idea of God being the creator of the earth that we see next, â€Å"the clear song of a skilled poet telling with mastery of man’s beginnings, how the Almighty had made the earth a gleaming plain girdled with waters† (Beowulf 90-93). Aside from showing that God was creator of all earth, we find that repentance is taking place, â€Å"But blessed is he who after death can approach the Lord and find friendship in the Father’s embrace† (Beowulf 186-188). They were unfamiliar with the Lord and had their many other gods to go to, to seek help for different things.Then they started seeking help from the Lord, who in return gives them calm waters to safely travel back home and the people are extremely grateful and moved by his presence in their lives. In the end, there was a great purpose behind the composition of this difficult and complex storyline. It was in a time of life where everything was done the people’s way. They were reluctant at first when hearing about God but soon saw what he was capable of and ended up following him. Beowulf's claim to kingship is a matter of his military prowess as much as it is by birth.We also learn that what we consider virtues today were not considered at the time. Celibacy, or even monogamy was not of any interest to the Anglo Saxons. It was very acceptable for warriors to have relationships with multiple partners. Also, humility and modesty was seen as a flaw. Not only were heroes expected to be physically brave, strong, and victorious, they were expected to brag about it. A warrior was meant to succeed. Not only to win, but to triumph. The ideal was to have one's stories live on in epic poems, and the only way to assure that was to make sure people knew of one's deeds.It also suggests a bit of the Anglo-Saxon structure. The fact that â€Å"the main action occurs in the Mead Hall, and that people sleep there, shows the importance of this central building† (Bloom). The Beowulf that we read today is unlike the Beowulf with which the first Anglo-Saxon audiences were familiar. Beowulf can be considered â€Å"one of the most compelling stories in the English language†, and most certainly is considered the first English masterpiece to be written (Bloom). â€Å"Originally the Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian invaders experienced a large-scale conversion to Christianity at the end of the sixth century† (Perrello).Beowulf is a hero, representing courage, concern for his own people as well as foreign people, and pride. However, this novel shows a lot of controversy. Beowulf is filled with Christian teachings, cu lture, and pagan tradition. The values of the Anglo-Saxons were mainly their faith and their success as a warrior. In Beowulf, warriors were expected to create a self-image of fame. Being a warrior required winning. You had to die an honorable death if you were the loser. Only the best warriors went to Valhalla. They always thought God was in control of fate and nobody can change it because all the decisions have been made.The values of the Anglo-Saxon people didn’t vary along a wide range. They all believed in the same thing, thought the same thing, honored the same people, and stood for who they were as people. â€Å"Nature is accommodating, and the forces of death are controllable. Fate is neither blind, nor random in its choice of victims; rather, fate is likewise dependent on certain criteria, such as the character of the person whom is experiencing fate† (Johnson 18). Their destiny was chosen for them by God and there was nothing they could do to change that.Beow ulf follows the virtues most important to the Anglo-Saxon culture being as their religion, militaristic nature, and values. Beowulf is also a prime example of an Anglo-Saxon literary work. â€Å"The Anglo-Saxon era was defined by a heroic code found in the people of that culture† (Johnson 19). This was exemplified through qualities such as bravery, honor, and strength. In Beowulf, the character of Beowulf depicts an Anglo-Saxon warrior traveling lands and fighting fierce monsters to glorify himself and achieve his ultimate goal of fame. Works Cited â€Å"Beowulf†. The Norton Anthology: English Literature.Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. 8th Ed. New York: Norton, 2006. 26-97. Print Bloom, Harold. â€Å"Background to Beowulf†. Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. Chelsea House Publishing, 2008. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. Johnson, David and Elaine Treharne, eds. Readings in Medieval Texts: Interpreting Old and Middle English Literature. NY: Oxford University Press, 2005. Perrel lo, Tony. â€Å"Religion in Beowulf†. Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. McClinton- Temple. 2011. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. Watson, Robert. â€Å"Beowulf†. Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. The Facts on File Conpanion to British Poetry, 2009. Web. 4 Feb. 2012 Beowulf Essay James Robinson 3/18/13 English 12 Beowulf Argument In the poem Beowulf it has been argued whether or not Beowulf shows pagan or Christian values or even both. however if one reads the poem and analysis closely you can see that Beowulf upholds both Christian and pagan values. The bravery and courage that Beowulf became so famous for shows his heroic and pagan values however he also shows Christian values by protecting and treating all of his people equally and by fighting the dragon alone and giving the gold to the people even if he did survive the final battle with the dragon.The dragon that Beowulf fights to the death at the end of the poem shows Beowulf's Christian values because Beowulf agrees to fight the dragon by himself as a selfish act of bravery and love for his people and men. Beowulf tell his men not to help him because he knows the danger he must face and he knows it could be his last battle and doesn't want to put any of his men in danger. In Ogilvy's Beowulf's Heroic de ath Ogilvy agrees that Beowulf fights the dragon alone â€Å"in sake of his men. Beowulf also tells his people not to bury the dragons treasure with him if he dies but to instead give it back to the people. This shows Beowulf compassion and kindness towards his people. If Beowulf only showed Pagan values then he would not have fought the dragon alone and he would have kept the treasure for himself to help better his glory and fame . However Beowulf also shows his pagan values because he boast about killing Grendel which a true Christian would not boast about killing anyone.Beowulf also shows Pagan values because he does his carries out his duty as king to protect the people even though it means his death which a true pagan hero would do. He also tells his men to divide the treasure between the people if he does not survive the battle between the dragon because Pagans believed in gift giving and gold sharing as part of their culture. In Goldsmith's The corruption of Beowulf goldsmit h agrees that Beowulf shows his pagan values of bravery, strength and duty as a king â€Å"his motives where arrogant elf-confidence, and if there is added to it a desire for gain, the hero's bold action is spiritually perilous. Overall this shows Beowulf Pagan values along with his Christian values and how there uphold. The overall understanding of Beowulf is that it could be argued either way of the Pagan and Christian values. However Beowulf really shows us both Pagan and Christian values you just have to analyze the reading for traits that show both the Pagan and Christian values of Beowulf.

Attachment Theory Essay

Hunting and Fishing has been a part of the past and present of America. It plays a vital role in the history. Even in the society today, hunting and fishing contributes a lot in the society. Centuries ago, hunting and fishing are means of survival for the ancient people. But as years pass development began, and the traditional ways of surviving has also developed. The number of hunting and fishing had also decreased. People using hunting and fishing for survival become lesser because of agricultural and industrial development. The purpose of hunting and fishing was also changed, as a survival means to sports. Hunting and fishing was said to be a significant activity in the history and to the society of today. But how does hunting and fishing began? And how it evolved from survival means to a popular sport? Hunting was a way of killing wild animals to obtain something, during the ancient times a person hunts to obtain food, clothing and shelter. It was a necessity during those times; hunting was the primary source of the basic needs of the people. A person hunts to be able to provide the family food, fur and leather for clothing, and hide for shelter. Those times having a good source of the group’s needs makes a strong foundation, it helps a tribe or a group survive. Through the centuries development had occurred and also changed the ways of people, one of these ways is hunting. Hunting gradually lost its purpose as the primary source of food due to agricultural development and manufacturing. But because of the challenge and excitement it offers, people enjoyed hunting and considered it as a past time which later become a sport. Egyptians, Greeks and Romans considered hunting as a sport. For the Greeks, hunting develops a healthy body and well-being. It is not only now that hunting has regulating law, during the 13th century Kublai Khan, a Mongol emperor restrained his subjects from hunting. As well as the Feudal Lords during the 5th-15th century, they restricted the noble people from hunting (it was a popular past time for the nobles). But during the 14th century, the traditional method of hunting was changed when the gunpowder was invented. Instead of using trap, snare, bow and arrow, hunters began to use rifles and shotguns. Rifles and shotguns was easier to use, and has longer range. Though modern methods of hunting was introduced, some hunters still prefer the original weapons used in hunting for the reason that it was more challenging than the modern method. Hunting then became a very popular sport, too popular that it became widely known. But as its popularity arises, the hunted animals became fewer. In 19th century, some of the hunted animals became endangered species. The government to cope with the decreasing number of wildlife regulated the game of hunting. In some state hunting was not allowed anymore, but in some state limitations are set. People are allowed to hunt but during the hunting season only, and there is only a limited amount of animal that can be killed per hunter. Due to the restrictions imposed the number of â€Å"game animals† and endangered species were increased. But this also became a problem; the wild animals became over populated and have to allow hunting again to regulate the amount of the animals. Since then hunting became legal and became a very popular sport. Hunting was considered a recreational activity and increased the tourism of the country. Fishing on the other is the same as hunting; it was known as a source of food. Ancient people use pieces of bones as hooks and the vines as line. The Egyptians, Greeks and Romans are the civilization that already uses fishing during those times. An Egyptian writer even wrote some tips on how to fish. In the 2nd and 3rd century a Macedonian wrote about the use of artificial flies to lure fish. In the 15th century â€Å"sport fishing† was introduced. It was not only become popular in America but also in Europe. When it was introduced as a â€Å"sport fishing†, there was already a written book about how to use a fishing rod, how to tie knots in fishing lines and using artificial lures and flies. Many people become very interested in fishing, and these written books made fishing more popular. The â€Å"sport fishing† was not a popular sport only for men but also for women. The participation of women in the â€Å"sport fishing† increased the people’s interest in it. Some organizations are even built to protect the fish habitats. Just like hunting, fishing also undergone the same evolution the hunting had gone to. Through Fishing the tourism and business of the country was increased. Both hunting and fishing was already a necessity in ancient times, people gained many benefits through these methods. It even becomes a tool for survival. Until now, even though hunting and fishing were already considered as a sport or recreational activity the society still gains many benefits from it. Hunting and fishing helps the government in protecting and conserving the wildlife habitat of the country. Because of the popularity of these two sports, the government managed to gain funds to maintain the wildlife reserve. Through the system imposed, taxes are imposed on the manufacturer of weapons used on these methods and on the fuels. There also hunting and fishing fees, these system helps in regulating the wildlife habitat of the country. It even attracted hunters and fishers to create a private group to protect the fishing and wildlife habitat. Because of the protection and conservation, the country managed to maintain an abundant wildlife habitat and increased the tourism of the country. Whether in past or present, hunting and fishing had really played a vital role in the society. In continues to help the country, first for survival and then became for tourism. Hunting and fishing became a part of the culture of the America. These two sports not only provide pleasure and enjoyment, but also protection to the wildlife habitat. Maintaining these two sports was really a great help, not only for the sake of an individual but for the whole society. Sources: The Legally Structured Role of Hunting and Fishing in the US and Abroad. Available at: www. huntingreport. com. Hunting. Available at: www. encarta. msn. com. â€Å"History of Fishing†. Available at: www. activeangler. com.

Tranexamic acid and it's uses in pre-hospital an emergency medicine Research Paper

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Artificial Intelligence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

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Group Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Overview of experience to gain professional membership Case Study

Overview of experience to gain professional membership - Case Study Example This will be very necessary for me in the execution of my duties by arranging meetings and discussing issues brought up my other colleagues. I have also attended several internal training such as training, reporting, and all aspects of project cost control during my working period; therefore gathering a lot of experiences. I have, therefore, been trained into completing my orders and workload at the best and satisfactory standards. That has also made me understand the different forms of contract and supporting documentation. I also have learned to behave professionally, learned to take criticism professionally, learned to do my job and do it perfectly, learned to make good and professional relationships with colleagues, be on time, maintain good performance records and participate on solutions. Within my role, I plan not only my workload and tasks, but also the workloads and tasks of other team associates who work with me. In my projects, I will have to set up and regularly run commercial site team meeting. Being the Senior Quantity Surveyor, I set team objectives and discuss issues that may be current and potential issues and also worries that the team may have. As a Senior Quantity Surveyor, I collect information from one or more sources, and then distribute the information to one or more audiences. I ensure that information management activities are effective and successful. These actions help me in discovering extra principles and strategies, as well as providing a substantial tactics to evolving a supreme information management strategy.1 Being a leader, my main objective is to ensure incessant progress to the strategic and response to the organization. Being a leader in my previous workstations, which include royal construction Ltd, Wates construction Ltd. among others, have made me have good and professional leadership skills. I ensure by managing the infrastructural assets. Moreover, I aim to provide the knowledge of cost effectiveness

Childhood Obesity Essay Example for Free

Childhood Obesity Essay Childhood obesity has increased over the years due to genetics, environment, and cultural. There may be a combination of these factors that contribute to the widespread epidemic that is affecting our country today. Most people never take the time to figure out the problem and come up with a solution. Obesity is caused by lack of physical activity, poor eating habits, and genetics. In order to escape the recurring disease; some changes need to be made. Obesity is when a child is well above the normal weight for his or her age and weight. The problem is that children are becoming more obese. Understanding the causes of childhood obesity would be most beneficial in addressing the problem. While playing video games and watching television children have a tendency to want to snack. There is nothing wrong with it, but they need to go outside and play afterwards. They aren’t burning off any calories. Moderate intense regular physical activity is essential for the prevention of overweight and obesity (Raj 2010). Children should engage in some type of physical activity daily. Kids are more apt to do activities if they think of it as fun. Children should be prescribed physical activity that is safe, developmentally appropriate, interesting, and practical and has a social element (Raj 2010). Genetic makeup plays a role in obesity. There is considerable evidence to suggest that, like height, weight is a heritable trait (Sadaf Farooqi 2007). Having obese family members can very well have a lot to do with obesity in children. A recent article reported an odds ratio of 4 for the development of childhood obesity when there is a family history of obesity (Signorino Winter 2008). White adipose tissue (WAT) is the principal target tissue in obesity (Mitchell 2009). The environment in which one lives in can have something to do with becoming obese. Environmental risk factors for overweight and obesity are very strong and inter-related (Raj Kumar 2010). The food choices children intake should be monitored. The amount of a food should be monitored as well. Children have tendency to want to eat foods that are high in fat. Children and adolescents of poor socio-economic status tend to consume less quantities of fruits and vegetables and to have a higher intake of total and saturated fat (Raj Kumar 2010). There are risk and complications that come along with being obese. Being obese you run the risk of have cardiovascular problems, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes. Obesity significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (Raj Kumar 2010). Not only are there risks, but obesity affects a child’s self-esteem. Obese children are a target for being bullied and picked on. They tend to feel worthless about themselves. Their perception of themselves becomes damaged. It can sometimes affect their grades. Obesity can be managed and controlled with the right treatment and diet. For successful obesity management, the child should be assessed and treated by a multidisciplinary team, including a physician, dietitian, exercise expert, nurse and behavior therapist (Nowicka 2005). With that said, with the right treatment a child who is obese can get help. The ultimate goal is to bring the weight down to where it should be. Eating the right amount as well as the right foods helps with dropping weight. Eating out is a quick fix and should be cut down to a minimum. There should be a plan for healthier snacks, balanced diet, and adequate intake of more fruits and vegetables to avoid high calorie/high fat foods. Obesity in children often leads to obese teenagers who then become obese adults. Health as well as self esteem is often compromise when dealing with the lives of obese children and adults. Identifying and managing obesity in childhood is pertinent in slowing this epidemic down before it is too late to do anything about it. Reference Farooqi, S. (2007). Insights from the Genetics of Severe Childhood Obesity. Hormone Research, 68(S5), 5-7. doi:10. 1159/000110462 Mitchell, G. A. (2009). Genetics, physiology and perinatal influences in childhood obesity: view from the Chair. International Journal of Obesity, 33S41-S47. doi:10. 1038/ijo. 2009. 16 Nowicka, P. (2005). Dietitians and exercise professionals in a childhood obesity treatment team. Acta Paediatrica. Supplement, 94(s448), 23-29. doi:10. 1080/08035320510035537 Raj, M. , Kumar, R. (2010). Obesity in children adolescents. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 132(5), 598-607. Signorino, M. R. , Winter, W. E. (2008). Childhood Obesity and Diabetes. Current Medical Literature: Diabetes, 25(1), 1-16

Achievements Of Mikhail Baryshnikov As A Dancer

Achievements Of Mikhail Baryshnikov As A Dancer This paper is focused on dance as a form of performing arts. The paper looks at the history of dance and it looks at the life, contributions to the dance world and accomplishments that Mikhail Baryshnikov has had thought his carrer. This paper is a research paper aims at looking at the history of Mikhail Baryshnikov and how he has influenced dance. It has also highlighted his varius achievements that have been the highlight of his dancing carrer. (Sally Banes 2003 150) Mikhail Baryshnikov was born in 1948 in soviet russia. He is highly considered as one f the greatest ballet dancers. He is also a well accomplished actor. He has been creditd to being one of the few dancers who promoted modern dance and lead to its success. His roots were in Kirov Ballet which is found in Leningrad. Later in his carrer he moved to Canada. This was to incease his chances to perform modern dance. He was the artistic director for the American Ballet Theater towards the end of his carrer. He started showing his prowess in dance at a very young age and was enrolled in Vaganova School in Leningrad. He was totured by Alexander Pushkin who was his mentor and was able to succesed and he eventully won the top prize in the junior division in the Varna Competition. Ate the age of 18 in 1967 he show cased his talent in the Kirov Ballet. Due to his exceptional technique, stage performance and skill he fast become a pronciple dancer in the Vaganova school. Due to the rules of dance in soviet russia at the time he defected to canada in the hope to pursue modern forms of dance. After his defection he became the principle dancer with the American Balet Theatre. Under the direction of George Balanchine, there were a number of roles areated for him at the New York City Ballet. This dance roles as practised today by ballet dancers. Achievements. In his career Mikhail Baryshnikov gained a number of awards and achievements. He has used live performances and film to revive modern dance.His main achievement was mainly the revival of modern dance through performances. His achievements are listed below. He was nominated for the David di Donatello Awards and won the Special David Award in the year 1987 in the category for: The Turning Point(1977) for his outstanding performance in the movie and his contributions to the art of dancing. In 1989 he was nominated and won the Emmy Award for his outstanding individual performance in classical music/Dance programming in Great performances: Dance in America (1976). (PBS) for the episode Baryshnikov Dances Balanchine . (Bruce Glassman 1990 23) In 1988 he was also nominated for the Emmy Awards for outstanding Individual Achievement Classical. This was for:Great Performances: Dance in America(1976).(PBS) and for episode David Gordons made in U.S.A.he also was nominated for Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program for his performance in Great Performances(1972). (PBS) for episode Celebrating Gershwin. He was also nominated for the Emmy Awards in 1985 for an Outstanding Classical Program in the Performing Arts for his perfomance in Great Performances: Dance in America(1976) which he shared with Rhoda Grauer(executive producer)and Don Mischer(producer)(PBS). He as also nominated for episode Baryshnikov by Tharp with American Ballet Theatre. (Lynn Garafola 1997, pp.89) In 1982 he was nominated for the Emmy Awards for an Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Program for:Baryshnikov in Hollywood(1982) (TV) and shared it with Herman Krawitz(executive producer)and Don Mischer(producer)(CBS). In 1980 he was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety or Music Program and won. This was for his perfromance in:Baryshnikov on Broadway(1980) (TV) and shared with Herman Krawitz(executive producer), Gary Smith(producer) and Dwight Hemion (producer ABC). In 1979 he won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement Special Events for:Baryshnikov at the White House(1979) (TV).(PBS). In 1978 he was nominated for the Emmy Award for Special Classification of Outstanding Individual Achievement for:The Nutcracker(1977) (TV). (CBS). In 1978 he was nominated for the Golden Globes Awards, USA for the Best Motion Picture Actor in a Supporting Role for his role in:(The Turning Point1977). In 1987 he won Man of The Year Award from the Hasty Pudding Theatrical s, USA (Bruce Glassman 1990 23) Contributions to dance. He is credited for reviving and bringing new life in ballet in the United States of America. He has also taken a tour around the world with the ABT and he applied for his United states citizenship in 1986. after he gained his citizenship he worked with modern dance choreographer Mark Morris. This was in a bid to sperar head his compagn of reviving modern dance. Mikhail Baryshnikov co-founded the White Oak Dance Project IN 1986. This was a company that practced both modern and post-modern dance. (Lynn Garafola 1997 89) He toured with if the world over for 10years. He contributed to dance by encouraging and reviving modern forms of dance. Using the company he also revived the state of ballet dancing in the united states. He also created routines that are still in effect till today. People all over the world still practice and ardore balllet rotines he created. He also took solo tours around the world. He also toured with the Hells Kitchen Dance company. His greatest contribution to dance is the Baryshnikov Arts Centre in New York City. He cofounded the centre. It is dedicated to encouraging the creative arts and provides enough fascillities to hone and create artists. It has created a center for bringing to light rising artists, musicians, and dancers. He has also encouraged the growth of a new breed of dancers in the course of his carrer. He has also taught and created awareness about dance all over the world. This was due to the number of world tours he took. He contributed to dance majorly also by choreographing for many dance groups and naturing their talents. He has also been a mentor and tutor to many dancers who have grown up idolizing him. Many up coming dancers look up to him as their guide and mentor. He has inspired many modern dancers to reach out for their dreams. He has also personaly taught dadnce to many dancers around the world. Also in his old age he is still inspiring dancers to be better since he is still dancing at the age of 61. He is still very fit and dances. He is also an icon and is also very populor with soviet audiences since s oon after he started a series of highly successful appearances he became very famous. As a dancer, his great physical prowess and unsurpassed leaping ability enabled him to perform the most difficult combinations of steps with remarkable elegance of line. This has inspired most of the dancers who can from underpriveldged backgrounds to reach for their dreams. Conclusion This paper has been able to highlight the life, contributions and achievements of Mikhail Baryshnikov as a dancer. The paper has been able to highlight his major achievements and contributions. in his career Mikhail Baryshnikov gained a number of awards and achievements. He has used live performances and film to revive modern dance. He has provided a channel for up coming dansers to be able to nature their talents. He has also become a mentor,tutor and icon to many dancers who have grown up idolizing him this is due to his exceptional technique, stage performance and skill . Many up coming dancers look up to him as their guide and mentor. He has inspired many modern dancers to reach out for their dreams. He has also personaly taught dadnce to many dancers around the world.

How Does the Tell Tale Heart Fulfil Your Expectations of A Gothic Essay

How Does the Tell Tale Heart Fulfil Your Expectations of A Gothic Story? From a gothic story such as the tell tale heart, by Edgar Allan Poe, I expect numerous amounts of gory deaths, intense suspense, hideous horror, plently of fear and espically paranoia. They should also contain a variety of literacy techniques including imagery, sentence structure, punctation and repititation in my essay I will be focusing on the amounts of death, horror, fear, suspense and the amount of literacy techniques used throughout the story. Edgar Allan Poe uses a lot of suspense in the Tell Tale Heart. To increase the effect the suspense he incorprates it with literacy techniques. One example of mixing literacty techniques with suspense is when Edgar Allan Poe uses imagery to descirbe the man creeping into the old mans bedroom when the old man wakes up. ‘I had my head in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening, and the old man sprang up in bed, crying out --"Who's there?" I kept quite still and said nothing. For a whole hour, I did not mo...

Essay --

The question I chose to focus on is question seven, â€Å"How Should Families be Involved in Assessment† (Nation Association for the Education of Young Children [NAEYC], 2003, p. 13). It is important to understand how to incorporate the families of the children being assessed into the assessment process. Whether the assessment is merely routine, or is being done out of concern for the child’s development, it is my belief that the parents should be involved. Rous et al. (2007) affirms this belief by defining assessment as â€Å"†¦a shared experience between families and professionals in which information and ideas are exchanged to benefit a child’s growth and development.† Involving the families in the assessment process requires three basic steps. The first step in involving the family of a child being assessed is to notify the family before assessment begins. When a parent (or parents) enrolls their child in a childcare program, they are entrusting the caretakers with the task of knowing what is best for their child. Discovering that may require assessment. NAEYC and the National Association of Early Childhood Specialist in State Departments of Education [NAECS/SDE] (2003) note that â€Å"to assess [a] young [child’s] strengths, progress, and needs, use of assessment methods should†¦[be] inclusive of families.† Essentially, in order to properly assess a child, the families knowledge and input is required (NAEYC & NAECS/SDE, 2003). Once the family has been notified, the second step should take place. The family should be made aware that their involvement in the assessment process is important for their child’s overall development (Rous et al., 2007). Rous et al. (2007) notes that â€Å"the role of family as the child’s first and most significant teac... ...ssed, which is step one. Step two is revealed when the parents and the teacher have a conference to discuss what steps can be taken to improve Tyler’s progress. Lastly, step three occurs when the teacher gathers evidence to show the parents their child’s marked improvement in skills he once struggled in. Involving the parents in their child’s assessment is incredibly important. As a teacher, it shows concern for the child’s overall wellbeing and concern for the parents involvement in their child’s development. While it is important to involve the parents, it is much more important in how a teacher or caregiver does this. With the three steps of informing the parents of assessment, encouraging the parents to participate, and showing the parents the final outcome of the assessment, a teacher or caregiver is able to involve the parents in a meaningful and helpful way. Essay -- The question I chose to focus on is question seven, â€Å"How Should Families be Involved in Assessment† (Nation Association for the Education of Young Children [NAEYC], 2003, p. 13). It is important to understand how to incorporate the families of the children being assessed into the assessment process. Whether the assessment is merely routine, or is being done out of concern for the child’s development, it is my belief that the parents should be involved. Rous et al. (2007) affirms this belief by defining assessment as â€Å"†¦a shared experience between families and professionals in which information and ideas are exchanged to benefit a child’s growth and development.† Involving the families in the assessment process requires three basic steps. The first step in involving the family of a child being assessed is to notify the family before assessment begins. When a parent (or parents) enrolls their child in a childcare program, they are entrusting the caretakers with the task of knowing what is best for their child. Discovering that may require assessment. NAEYC and the National Association of Early Childhood Specialist in State Departments of Education [NAECS/SDE] (2003) note that â€Å"to assess [a] young [child’s] strengths, progress, and needs, use of assessment methods should†¦[be] inclusive of families.† Essentially, in order to properly assess a child, the families knowledge and input is required (NAEYC & NAECS/SDE, 2003). Once the family has been notified, the second step should take place. The family should be made aware that their involvement in the assessment process is important for their child’s overall development (Rous et al., 2007). Rous et al. (2007) notes that â€Å"the role of family as the child’s first and most significant teac... ...ssed, which is step one. Step two is revealed when the parents and the teacher have a conference to discuss what steps can be taken to improve Tyler’s progress. Lastly, step three occurs when the teacher gathers evidence to show the parents their child’s marked improvement in skills he once struggled in. Involving the parents in their child’s assessment is incredibly important. As a teacher, it shows concern for the child’s overall wellbeing and concern for the parents involvement in their child’s development. While it is important to involve the parents, it is much more important in how a teacher or caregiver does this. With the three steps of informing the parents of assessment, encouraging the parents to participate, and showing the parents the final outcome of the assessment, a teacher or caregiver is able to involve the parents in a meaningful and helpful way.

Helping Children Handle Stress :: Stress in Children

Stress is a common emotion or state that is experienced at difficult or threatening times. This is often not attributed to children, however, and can be even more detrimental to their mental and emotional state. High stress in children is both physically and psychologically harmful, which can affect behaviors and attitudes in the future.  High stress can cause children to lag in academic settings and turn to detrimental social behaviors. This can even lead to heart disease, depression, and other serious complications later in life (Segal and Smith, 2014). Taking preventive measures or intervening early in childhood can greatly decrease these risk factors and consequences. High stress in children interacts with a variety of factors, including attachment style and biology of the developing brain. Based on the social learning theory, caregiver’s active role and community care programs are essential in the intervention and prevention of high stress in children. Prevention and intervention of high stress in children is possible and necessary.There are many suggestions for parents on how to manage this. As mentioned above, the attachment style between the parent and child is crucial in how the child thinks and behaves. According to  Dozier and Cicchetti, interventions should concentrate on attachment styles in order â€Å"to increase parental sensitivity, and responsiveness to foster more secure parent-child relationships and alter the child’s inner working models† (2003, 2005). This emphasizes the importance of a â€Å"secure base† for the child in order to be active in their environment but also feel comfortable and safe that they have someone to fall back on in times of stress or trauma (Book). It is also important to note that the caregiver is more likely to affect the attachment relationship than the child (Goodman, 2007). Parenting style also affects the environment of the child, particularly on an emotional level. According to Baumrind’s theory on parenting styles, parents should be high in responsiveness and demandingness (1973). The social learning theory supports this and parents should be aware that they should â€Å"use clear, consistent, non-hostile guidance and discipline technique† (Fisher, Burraston, & Pears, 2005).  A clear relationship has been seen with the responsiveness and attentiveness of a parent and the stress levels of a child. In a study done by Gunnar and Fisher, parents were tested for responsiveness and sensitivity to the child several times as the child aged. The children were later tested and found to have greater levels of cortisol, which is a hormone released in response to stress (2006).

Malunggay Essay

Theoretical Framework The following theories provide framework of this research. This study was anchored on the Theory of Kramer (1995). â€Å"The Texture Measurements of Foods: Psychological Fundamental, Sensory, Mechanical, and Chemical Procedures, and their Interrelationships (1995),† that sensory quality of foods, being a psycho-physical phenomenon, should be systemized or classified accordance with the sense by which the various attributes of quality are perceived by the consumer. The following attributes are used to determine and measure the quality of a product: appearance, taste, texture and aroma. As positioned by the author appearance includes factors such as size, shape, color, and external attributes such as the attractiveness of the icon or logo. Size and shapes are measurements often used as grade standards or to differentiate between items. The assessment of size and shape is often a subjective process although, for many products, visual guide have been developed. Color is the primary indicatory of maturity is the result of the type and quan tity of pigments in the product. Changes in color are often related to freshness or deterioration of the product. Color can be measured by many visual or mechanical methods. On the other hand, taste is the perception of chemical compounds on the tongue and other nerve endings of the mouth. The basic tastes are sweet, sour, bitter, and astringent. Sweetness is directly related to sugars into the food and the sugar to acid ratio. Sourness is the result of the organic acids present. Compounds such as those in citrus fruits or coffee usually impart bitterness, where astringency is often the result of tannins such as the phenolic compounds in grapes (Kramer, 1995). Also, texture is â€Å"the composite of those properties which arise from the structural elements of a product, and the manner in which this composite registrars with the physiological sense† (Szczesniak, 2005). Most textural characteristics, except firmness are evaluated as mouth feels, i.e. the impression on the tongue, palate and teeth. In production , common textural characteristics include tenderness, crispiness, crunchiness, chewiness, and fibrousness. Texture is generally determined by measuring force applied to the food. Lastly, aroma is the sum of the compounds perceived by the nose. It is very difficult to determine objectively since it is a combination of qualitative predominant and quantitative traits in a food product. Fruits and vegetables are rich in  aromatic compounds; many of which are yet to be identified. Thus, in identifying the quality of the ordinary meat burger patties and the quality of the new product innovation which is the malunggay burger patty, the researchers used Kramer’s classification of quality to collect the raw data from the respondents. Another theory to support this study is the â€Å"Diffusion of Innovations Theory† by Thurber and Fahey (2009). This theory is used to describe well the evidence for growth and adoption of dietary Malunggay or Moringa oleifera and it highlights the need for a scientific consensus on the nutritional benefits. Diffusion is the process by which an innovat ion is communicated through curtain channels over time among the members of a social system. According to Thurber and Fahey (2009), the rate of adoption and possibilities of over adoption can be predicted using five characteristics of a new innovation. In order for Moringa oleifera to be adopted and for its wide spread use to be promoted, evidence must be provided for the following attributes: The first attribute is called Relative Advantage which is the extent to which an innovation is perceived as being better or more useful than the idea it supersedes. Then, it is followed by the Compatibility which means the measure of how well an innovation is consistent with existing social and cultural practices, if it is likeable, and whether it meets the need of potential adopters. On the other hand Complexity is the level to which the innovation is perceived to be difficult to understand or use. Another attribute is Observability which is used to describe how well the results of the innovation can be seen and communicated to others. And finally, Trialability which refers to the ability of an innovation to be experimented with. The Diffusion of Innovations Theory is used to determine the rate of adaptation of the Malunggay or Moringa oleifera. Using this theory, it will give accurate knowledge on the effectiveness and health benefits of Malunggay or Moringa oleifera shall be known. Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework of this research shall focus on the independent variables such as the respondent’s age, gender and grade level. Likewise, the dependent variables of the study are the respondent’s evaluation regarding the product in terms of appearance, taste, texture and aroma. Once these dimensions are known, a proposed Food Feeding Program shall be formulated.

Why humans are responsible for evil not Satan

C. Contact your representative to send them an email showing them that you support immigration reform. The best part is, it takes two minutes. Conclusion l. Today I have told you about why immigration laws were created, how some immigration laws affect transgender immigrants and undocumented students, and what you can do to help reform the immigration systems. VIII. So get informed and involved. We live in California, a border state, so we're more likely to be neighbors with someone that may be undocumented, someone that you may have grown up knowing.Be a supporter of immigrants, because according to Conor Oberst, â€Å"Considering out history, I can think of nothing more American than an immigrant. † References Marriage-based Petitions http://immigrationequality. org/issues/transgender/ marriage-based-petitions/ Cintron, E. J. (2012). Transformation: the Progression of Immigration Petitions for Transgender Spouses. Family Court Review, 50(4), 666-678. Why humans are responsib le for evil not Satan By tearsshaven As an ancient chinese proverb said , â€Å"A good man lives a hundred years but an evil man lives a thousand years. Dating from histories to the current world, we are constantly bombarded with news, scandals and histories of people being exposed of their evil often only when the damage had been dealt to their victims. Most religions would accuse this evil influence on demons and Satan brainwashing humans. However, despite these accusations, have we paused to ponder if these actions were really influenced from a supernatural force or created from our psychological brains in the realms of our conscience ?For example , Muammar Gaddafi, the past ruler and politician of Librayan, claimed he was trying to equalize the status of women with men but in truth , he commited atrocities and rape. He proclaimed to treat women and men equally and had his elite bodyguards entirely only women as proof. He was even described as a strict , holy nd religious Islami st. However , in the shadowy depts of deceit, he raped and abused them to fulfil his perverted desires. It was only after his death did the abused victims revealed the horrifying ordeals they suffered. Lets look into the case of Miley Cyrus .In 2013 , she did a controversial and raunchy dance with Robin Thicke at the VMAS. It sparked outrage among parents and the Christians from Miley's hometown claimed that she had been influenced by the devil . The same could be said for Katy Perry when her Dad , a pastor in a Church, accused her of being influenced by the devil when she performed provocative music ideos. If we analyse this matter without being subjective with religious views, we would see that Miley and Katy Perry's actions were techniques to gain the most attention and fame in the shortest amount of time.Why does Katy Perry , a mere music star , have more followers on Twitter than Barack Obama who is President to United States , the most important country in the World ? Sadly , young sex Just sells. The psychological need in humans is sex. Most people are more interested in her luscious figure in the MVs than to know about Barack Obama and the World. No one nfluenced us to follow them on Twitter , we are Just driven by our instincts to the appealing image. Who were the ones who created porn websites ? The spirits didn't, the Devil didn't, humans did it.Why did we do it ? We are built to have sex and reproduce. Why are so many rapes commited? The rapists were desperate in their needs, unable to control and they were always known to be porn addicts. In the modern world, it is indispensable that we control our sexual instincts as what humanity perceives as ‘not being an animal' and having a sense of morality. Men that go to postitues are Judged s horny and perverted men while postitues and porn stars are labelled as whore relieve thier human instincts and finding postitutes seemed the only option available.Based on the Indian Movie known as Silk , a bol lywood actress named Silk gains fame and fortune by flaunting her body and promoting sexual appeal much to the digust of other conservative Indian women . Men , however, flocked to see her but treated her only as a sex toy . In their conscience , they only saw her as an appealing sex tool who had no respect for herself. In the end , she committed suicide from the pressure he faced and the toyed love she had. Most of the revered Hindus there also said she was a dirty soul who would fall into hell for disobeying the law of the Gods for flaunting sex.Yet this is only what humans think. The Bible and other Holy Books were all written by humans . Whether they had really written it as orders from God , no one is 100% sure as we do not have concrete evidence that there is God. We could have also been the ones who invented God . When the Holy Wars were declared and the fighters were determined to shed holy blood in the name of their God , how could they not stop to think if it was Just ense less bloodsheds ? As quoted from Woodrow Wilson , â€Å"War isn't declared in the name of God ; it is a human affair entirely†.We shouldn't account our actions in the name of Gods , we have have account it to ourselves. We were influenced to worship God by ourselves. Look at Reetah Parson and Amanda Todd's case , both were Jovial and nice people who were destroyed by ‘evil' people . They both reported the abuse to the Police but were taken for lightly. in addition , their classmates and others Joined in to bully and humiliate them because the bullies felt disgusted with them. The teachers were round and acted as if they were oblivious to the bullying.In the end , both Reetah and Amanda committed suicide from overwhelming pressure and depression . It was only after their tragedy was reported in the news did the Police did a through investigation. The online pages in memory of the girls also gained many sympathies and people who said they would have been friends with them to protect them from the bullies had they known. Previously , the dead girls had their Facebook profiles filled with malicious comments from friends , classmates and other people asking them to die. Edmund Berke once said, † For evil to flourish , good men must do nothing. â€Å".The tragedies occured because the adults didnt take actions to help them. No one offered to help the girls and everyonr Just watched Reetah and Amanda being bullied. The Devil didn't stage this incident. It was all due to human actions and their level of conscience. The bullies did it because they thought it was fun. They didnt have the conscience to consider how the victims would feel. Is it ironic that we curse the Devil for the misfortunes and evil in this World when Satan punishes the evil doers for us ? We also praise the Lord for good things that happen and lament when our prayers are not answered.Good things happen with great effort. You don't get good grades Just by praying to God and not st udy. † When you look into the sky , you dont look for God , you look in yourself. † as quoted from Alan Watts. Evil things happen with human actions . You backstab your collegue to without your conscience. Don't blame others for your deeds. If God is up there , why does he let so many good people suffer ? Abraham Lincoln was assassinated for trying to help the Blacks , Junko Furuta was brutally mutilated hen she had done nothing wrong ?

Haugen Julia versus Winston Contrast Essay Essay

In 1984, by George Orwell, the two main characters, Julia and Winston, provide a telling thrill to the readers through their passion for each other and for rebellion. Through further character analysis, one can see that Julia and Winston share similar characteristics, like rebelling against the party. But in many more ways are they very different. The brown-haired Julia, with voluptuous curves puts up a front that she is a part of the Junior Anti-Sex league and is as orthodox about the Parties values and one can get. Upon further reading the book, Julia develops into a promiscuous, rebellious girl but does not seem to care about upsetting the government, but only wanting to have the ability to do whatever she wants, whenever she wants. She explains to Winston about how she just wants to be able to do what she desires, like eating a piece of chocolate or marrying somebody she loves, whenever she wants. Examples of Julia’s concern for herself are evident when Winston is reading to Julia, Goldstein’s book, and she falls asleep. This shows that she doesn’t share the same fascination as Winston so obviously does. Even so the only rebellious branch about Julia is that she is â€Å"only a rebel from the waist down† (page 179, chapter 5) meaning to say that the only reason she’s considered naughty in the eyes of the Thought Police and Party is because she likes to have casual sex. Winston, on the other hand, is rebellious and careful mentally. He is different from Julia in that he does want to upset the order of the government and he does want to have sex, but to him it means more than just an embrace of passion, it means showing the Party that they are doing something that is considered illegal in the eyes of the Thought Police and that they are able to get away with it. He demonstrates this ability to get away with things by reading Goldstein’s book, buying the paperweight, having sex with Julia, which further proves his yearning to overthrow the Party and Big Brotherhood. As Winston reads the book, he is fascinated with what Goldstein has to say and how Ingsoc came to be in the first place, by the modification of Goldstein’s ideas. As the two main characters of this book, it does seem fitting to have two  characters that are willing to do imaginable things that might get them vaporized by the Thought Police to be together and share some of the same values. Even though Julia and Winston share the same ideas in some ways, upon further character analysis, there are some startling differences between those two.

Swisher Mower and Machine Company (Smc)

RECOMMENDATION: Swisher Mower and Machine Company should reject the offer to produce the Private-Label brand. RATIONALE: †¢Standard Riding Mower contribution per unit would drop from $97 to $33. 98, which is $63. 02 per mower. (Appendix 4) †¢Contribution Margin would drop from 14. 92% to 5. 5%, which is 9. 42%. (Appendix 4) †¢Swisher Mower would only profit $62,819 from producing the 8,200 units in the Private-Label in the first full year of production. (Appendix 5) oProfit per mower is only $7. 66 per unit. Cannibalization of SMC current mower is ($29,000) loss from the private-label brand. Plus, the loss of additional smaller independent dealer in the future since there will be an overlap in trade areas. (Appendix 3) †¢SMC will incur additional labor cost on 2,450 units because the factory is already at full capacity. oThis results in additional $63,700 overtime labor cost, which is $7. 77 per unit. (Appendix 1) †¢With the increase in labor, materials, over head, and property tax, the additional variable cost is $30. 52 per unit. Appendix 1) oThis brings the total variable cost to $583. 52. (Appendix 4) †¢SMC will only be making $7. 66 per mower, and the company wants them to pay $22 per hour for any maintenance on a mower under warranty. Therefore SMC would have to sell 3 additional mowers to cover each hour work done to a mower under warranty. †¢The accounts receivable and inventory carrying cost for the private-label brand is $175,789. 97, $59,386. 73 and $116,412. 24 respectively. (Appendix 2) †¢The image of company would be altered since SMC would double their sales with one private-label product. Since the company has a reputation of being small and personal introducing the private-label could be detrimental to their current business. †¢Remain status quo and on average increase profit by 10% and continue to widen the breathe of the product lines, Trim-Max. APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 Incremental Cost for Private Label Direct Labor Cost $650 x 4% = $26 Additional Labor for 2,450 units = 2,450 x $26 = $63,700 / 8,200 units = $7. 77 per Unit Direct Materials Cost $650 x 1% = $6. 50 Additional Overhead $650 x 1% = $6. 50 Additional Property Tax $650 x 1. % = $9. 75 Total Additional Var. Cost = $7. 77 + $6. 50 + $6. 50 + $9. 75 = $30. 52 APPENDIX 2 Carrying Cost for Private Label Accounts Receivable A/R Turnover Rate = 365 / 45 = 8. 1 8,200 units x $617. 50 = $5,063,500 / 8. 1 = 625,123. 46 x 9. 5% = $59,386. 73 Inventory Inv. Turnover Rate = 5. 8 Average Inv. = 2,100 units Unit Cost = $583. 52 2,100 units x $583. 52 = $1,225,392 x 9. 5% = $116,412. 24 Total Carrying Cost = A/R + I nv. = $175,798. 97 APPENDIX 3 Cannibalization SMC mower = $650 – $553 = $97 Contribution Per Unit Units Lost = 300 $97 x 300 = ($29,100)

The Conflict Of A Cut Above And Angel Case Study - 6

The Conflict Of A Cut Above And Angel - Case Study Example This is the â€Å"story† of the case’s progress in the courts, from the time the plaintiff filed its complaint in court, to the appeal to the court that made the final decision in the case. The procedural history of this case is the following. On July 8, 2008, Angel and Cut Above entered into a contract for the sale and purchase of a specialized crane. Pursuant to the contract Cut Above is to pay Angel $100,000.00 for the manufacture of a crane with special hydraulics that will assist Cut Above in constructing its client’s addition over the water, as the hospital is located on a Pensacola inlet, and the rehabilitation center is to be housed in the new addition. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Cut Above paid Angel a deposit of $50,000.00 with the remainder to be paid to Angel upon delivery of the crane, per specifications, on January 15, 2010. January 15, 2010, came and went and the crane did not arrive. The failure of the crane to arrive set the project back initially by one week. Following a conversation with Angel’s executive Cut Above’s understanding from the executive was that the crane would not be completed until January 31, 2010, at which time it was to be shipped via truck FOB the construction site. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨There is a provision in Cut Above’s contract with its client, Pensacola Memorial Hospital, that the project was to be completed by March 30, 2010, and that every day the project was delayed past that time, Cut Above would be assessed $500.00 per day, said assessment is deducted from the hospital’s final payment. Cut Above was charged $3,500.00 for a 7-day delay. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Based on the foregoing Cut Above rented a crane to complete as much of the project as possible until the specialized crane arrived from Angel. The crane arrived on February 4, 2010, and Cut Above accepted delivery of the crane but withheld from its final payment to Angel its cost of renting another crane, as well as anticipated delay costs on the project.

Environment and globalization critical analysis Essay

Environment and globalization critical analysis - Essay Example The increased reliance on fossil fuel energies and lack of alternate energy resources to maintain a safe and environment friendly lifestyle is a direct by-product of modern political marketing and globalization process. This political and industrial energy tug has caused massive pollution around the globe, which has contaminated natural water resources and made the land infertile due to landfills. Oil spills and chemical waste in the sea water killed thousands of marine species; deforestation caused soil erosion and lack of oxygen production, which consequently increased carbon dioxide level in the air (Anon, 2014). Hence, if telemarketing had stopped generating needs in the consumer of twentieth century than an average individual could have restricted his needs and could incorporate eco-friendly lifestyle for the preservation of Earth’s natural environment. However, if natural resources are not maintained or regenerated (plantation) by each individual than this environmental crises will not decrease instead it will take a drastic turn. Moreover, global awareness and action plans can only decrease the intensity of damage, which has been caused by Earth’s habitants. A new eco-friendly life style needs to be adapted along with regeneration and protection of natural resources. This only can assure some progress in alarmingly falling environmental global crises. In the same context, Dauverge aptly described that the escalation in environmental crises is mainly due to unsustainable consumption of 6.8 billion people around the globe.

Company law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Company law - Essay Example In instances where calls are not met, the shares are forfeited. The main advantage of a no liability company is that the investor has a chance of pulling out if the company has no future. S 112(2) provides that a no liability company must be a mining company, which has a company constitution stating its objects in mining. The provision of section S 148(4) is that a no liability company must use â€Å"No liability† or â€Å"NL† at the end of the company's name. The no liability companies restricted to companies that have an object of mining only. The concept of no liability increases investment in the industry as it does not bind to its shareholders and they can withdraw from the company2. The difference between a no liability company and other companies is that a no liability company’s shareholders are not liable to pay calls on any unpaid shares. The conventional provision of companies is that the purchase of shares is a contract that is binding and shareholders bound to pay for the shares when there is a call. The position is that if the shareholder does not pay the share there is a forfeiture of the already paid up shares and the unpaid shares. The provision of a no liability company concerning the shares gives confidence investors in potentially uncertain mining undertaking. This is the reason because a shareholder who has unpaid shares can elect to pull out from the company without any legal penalties. In the case of Mac Stevenson, the best company would be a no liability company. The choice of a no liability company is because the mining ventures are uncertain and; therefore, investors are not willing to invest in such companies. The provisions of the no liability company tend to encourage investors into investing in mining companies. When there is uncertainty in the ventures of a company the investors would still be willing to buy the company shares. This is because they are not compelled to pay on making of calls to pay. The provisi ons of a no liability company fit this provision, as the shareholders who will purchase the share in the Mac Stevenson’s company will be more willing to invest in the venture. This is especially so since they are uncertain in the future of the company they will not be bound to pay the unpaid share if they will see no future for the company. The company will be a small company, according to 45A a company can be a large or a small company. Mac Stevenson’s company will fit into the small company. This is because it satisfies two of the criteria that are it should have gross operating revenue of less than $25m and its gross assets are less than $12.5m. Mac Stevenson’s company has operating revenue of less than $25m and its gross assets are not in excess of $12.5m, therefore, fits into the category of small business. On the other hand, Mac Stevenson can the can expand the business to install solar panels with the batteries3. However, the expansion cannot be done the any liability company as the provision of the no liability company restricts the operations of companies registered as no liability to only mining ventures and as such, they cannot operate other business dealings like installing solar panels4. The expansion realized when the company converts to a limited liability company. The general undertaking is that when a no liability mining company becomes

ABC Company Final Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ABC Company Final - Assignment Example In the US alone there are, several companies dealing with the same product of Cedar roofing and siding shingles. Therefore, ABC Company has a large market to supply to raising its market share although in a very competitive market. ABC Company is a company that specializes in making cedar roofing and siding shingles. It has a 25% sales margin and has a growth target of three million in the next three years. Besides the competition, the demand for roofing sidings and shingles remains high because of the high rate of forthcoming real estate ventures. Apart from facing competition generated by several other companies, dealing with cedar in production of roofing and siding shingles, ABC tends to, also face high competition resulting from products manufactured using iron and clay, companies that operate in the same market. The prevailing fact is that, cedars products have do have a higher competitive gain over similar products that are made of iron and clay. There is also a little disadva ntage of cedar roofing and siding products, the prices tend to be too high thus scaring away potential customer, who resolves to cheaper iron products. ABC Company has a high chance of maintaining its development with minimal deviation from either downwards or upwards. The deviations could be because of the tough economic patterns forcing many homeowners who would prefer cheaper clay or iron products or clay products that are meant for their roofing and siding. ... I. Risk profile for ABC Company A risk profile evaluates an organization willingness to take risks as well as the threats to which an organization is exposed. Acceptable level of risk With a target growth of 3000,000, in the next three years, the risk associated with the growth should be laid out. The risk in introduction of a new product should also be included to ascertain the amount of risk ABC Company can take. As much as expansion comes to pave way for leverage on the skill in employees and the state of their manufacturing facilities, the risk involved should be evaluated to see whether the expansion will reduce or increase current risk. Possible threats One of the biggest threats will include competitors. The question here is; how much risk is already there and in presence of competitors, how much are they willing to expand or change to gain more consumers? The answer will be found once they evaluate risk associated with competition Another threat is that of trying to find addi tional products to leverage on their employee skill set and manufacturing facilities. Introduction of the products depends on probability, which in itself has high risk. The skill set and manufacturing facilities are certain Key risk areas The company’s has had a profit increase of 25% from the previous year. They will have to maintain of better that outcome and with the introduction of a new idea will increase on costs. They have to ensure their cash flow is on a positive trend. This will ensure positive cash flows that will encourage investment. In addition, another key risk area is on the financing of the project. They have to ensure that they pick the

Wordview Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wordview Journal - Assignment Example It is one of the qualities of God to be all knowing and based on this understanding he has about each person, he claims that he knows what that person is going to choose yet he does not force us into acting in a certain way. The behaviors that have made me draw this conclusion are that he believes that people should have an internal locus of control. He is a doer, and he also acts as a consultant in order to help others to help achieve self liberation as well. This person has been very influential for me because it is one of the first satisfactory answers given to me about this basic dilemma of human life and helped me understand that we have a choice in what we do. Another person, who is one of my friends, also holds a very interesting world view. Although quite young, she still does not believe in the common advice of tit for tat. That person believes that when you dislike something in a person or that person does something bad to you and you reciprocate that bad action then it means that you also have the same traits in yourself. In other words, she believes that by doing so, you eventually become what you abhor or hate. The behavior that has enabled me to reach this conclusion is that whenever another friend is rude to her, she does not reciprocates those actions and tries to ignore such behaviors and maintain friendly attitude. Such a behavior is very rare and none of my other friends possess it. Such an attitude of this friend has enables me to calm down in conflict situations and I no longer believe that everything is just in a quarrel. Because of this person, I evaluated the things that I like and dislike and I maintain my composure and do not stoop low even when in a quarrel. Now when faced with such a situation, I never do or say those things that I would not like others to do or say to me. This has helped me to develop certain standards in my life and has resulted in a consistency of behavior. I have also

Time Value of Money Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Time Value of Money - Research Paper Example Calculation regarding future values of present values is extremely important when making important investment decisions (Andrew, 1997). A manager who would be uncertain of what would be the future value of his investment today, he would be uncertain whether to take on the investment or not. Suppose, a manager takes on an investment to invest in a bond that will pay him $ 1000 at maturity at 5% interest. How would he value the investment in terms of today? What is explicitly of importance to the manager is that how much the investor should pay today in order to get that $ 1000 principal at maturity (Brealey, 2005). The investor should use the application of time value of money in order to determine whether the amount that the borrower is asking is appropriate or not. Similarly, an investor might want to know that if he deposits a certain sum of money in the bank, then what would be the future value of the payment that he would receive at the relevant interest rate few years from now ( Andrew, 1997). The basic concept I have learnt from this assignment is how to apply the application of time value of money in different situations. Sometimes, we have been given the future value and all information and we had to find the present value, while sometimes we had been given present value and we had to calculate the future value. In summation, I have learnt the practical application and usefulness of time value of

Holocaust Denial Essay Example for Free

Holocaust Denial Essay David Irving has claimed that the Holocaust was a hoax and that there were no gas chambers in Auschwitz; discuss the evidence for and against this claim. One is astonished in the study of history at the recurrence of the idea that evil must be forgotten, distorted, skimmed over. The difficulty, of course, with this philosophy is that history loses its value as an incentive and example; it paints perfect men and noble nations, but it does not tell the truth. -W.E.B Du Bois, Black Reconstruction, 1935. There could not be a more appropriate account to go with the debate between Holocaust deniers, and those who see it as a genuine event in history. From our mid teens we are taught about the events that occurred under Hitlers reign, the most horrific of those being the mass genocide of an estimated eleven million people, many of which Jews, during the Holocaust. It is also taught that the most famous extermination camp existed at Auschwitz, where up to 10000 people were exterminated per day. These are exactly the kind of facts that were presented to me during school, and to many others; some individuals, however, claim that this horrific event never took place. Those who claim the Holocaust did not appear as traditional history describes, believe that the current mainstream understanding of the Holocaust is the result of a deliberate Jewish conspiracy created to advance the interest of Jews at the expense of other nations. (1) A statement remarkably closely related to the anti-Semitic views of the Nazis. In the case of Holocaust deniers, it is more of a case of a lack of evidence which they use to promote their views; no conclusive evidence has been presented, with numerous Holocaust deniers admitting to have lied about so called facts. (2) The main claims which Holocaust deniers make are that the Nazis had no formal policy or plan of exterminating Jews. That Nazis did not use gas chambers to mass-murder Jews, and that the figure of between 5 and 6 million Jewish deaths is a significant exaggeration and the actual number is much lower, a few hundred thousand at most. Other claims include the notion that the documentary evidence in support of the Holocaust, photographs and the Diary of Anne Frank for example, is fabricated, that survivor testimonies are unreliable, and that the Nazi prisoners confessions were obtained through the use of torture a process which can lead to inaccurate information. (3) One example of survivor testimonies being unpredictable is an excerpt of a conversation David Irving supposedly had with a survivor: IRVING: You said you saw smoke coming from the crematoria? SURVIVOR: Absolutely IRVING: Is that correct? SURVIVOR: Correct IRVING: But crematoria do not smoke, Mrs Altman. Go and visit your local crematorium in Sydney (Evans (2002) page 142) Irving took challenging the Holocaust to the extreme, and proclaimed himself as a Hitler supporter, which may have something to do with him living, working and studying in Germany for many years. In Irvings book, Hitlers War, he states that Hitler did not order the extermination of Europes Jews: the mass killings must have been carried out by Himmler and his cohorts behind Hitlers back (4) The Institute of Historical Research (IHR) states that The Institute does not deny the Holocaust. And that there is no dispute over the fact that large numbers of Jews were deported to concentration camps and ghettos, or that many Jews died or were killed during World War II. But that the Holocaust the alleged extermination of some six million Jews (most of them by gassing) is a hoax and should be recognized as such by Christians and all informed, honest and truthful men everywhere. More than being just a pro-Nazi viewpoint, Holocaust deniers believe that the death-toll amount which is widely accepted is a falsehood in an attempt to get more compensation, and sympathy. It is believed that the interest of the Zionist movement is to augment the amount of Holocaust deaths so that their gains will be greater. (5) The Holocaust deniers maintain that the Holocaust is a myth in order to establish the possibilities which can occur when an individual or group of people try to play God. This claim may have resulted from various factors, and in many cases of a denial, a particular political agenda backs it up, along with their own personal beliefs colouring their view. To fully understand the claims of these people, both sides of the debate must be looked at. The case which acknowledges the Holocaust as it is presented has much more convincing evidence, the most notable of which being photographs, video footage and personal accounts. Where the Holocaust deniers get their supposed evidence from however, is the jigsaw in which the evidence which shows the Holocaust as the event were taught it to be is made up of. Those denying the event say that the pieces of primary sources which prove the existence of the Holocaust, are in fact fabricated in an attempt to make people think that certain events happened when thy in fact, did not. (1) There are many accounts from survivors of the Holocaust, a selection of which exists in Lyn Smiths Forgotten Voices of the Holocaust, within which mentions the implementation of the final solution. In the same note it is said that upon arrival, most were sent immediately to the gas chamber and crematorium. (6). For females in concentration camps it was an even more shocking ordeal regularly being raped, and on giving birth having their babies taken from them to be murdered. Dennis Avey, a British prisoner of war at Auschwitz gives his account: Now dreadful things were happening in Auschwitz-Birkenau during 1944. They were gassing and burning thousands of people who could not work any more because of their failing strength; I knew practically everything that was going on thereThey just put them into the gas chambers using this Zyklon B gas and then they were burned. And this happened day in and day out. (6) There are many other accounts which describe similar stories, such a vast amount of matching testimonies can not possibly be a fabrication, but that is not the only evidence which supports the events of the Holocaust and Auschwitz. There are many photographs of the gas chambers, and of mass graves. Not only is there masses of evidence recorded to verify the authenticity of the Holocaust; but it is backed up by sworn testimony from both victims and the culprits. In addition to this there is evidence which Allied soldiers discovered when they liberated the camps. There is also a host of documentary evidence; the Nazis were extremely particular about keeping records, some of which were presented as evidence to the Nuremberg Tribunal and a set of evidence from several post-war trials. As well as archaeological evidence as further proof, there are bookings by the SS for the special trains to Auschwitz and other extermination camps. Of course, the issue which arises with both of these claims, and history as a whole, is that unless someone is actually present at an event and experiencing something, they have no way of knowing exactly what went on during a given time and date. It is for these reasons which we need to rely on sources other than ourselves to understand the past, and a primary source is the most reliable place to look first. Talking with a Holocaust survivor, reading the diaries like that of a certain Anne Frank hiding from the Gestapo, and looking at pictures and videos from Nazi Germany at that time allows for the closest link possible from today to the days gone by, and rejecting these ideas as a fabrication severs the best link to the truth. Holocaust deniers will be inclined to believe what they want to be true, even if it does not match up historically. The Holocaust was a dismal time not only for the Jewish race, but also a cataclysmic event in the history of mankind. The idea that not all people are equal and those of less value need to be exterminated is a notion that should never have occurred. The evidence that we have today appears to confirm that the Jewish Genocide by the Nazi people was a real event. In addition, it is extremely difficult to reasonably doubt this event and believe that people would lie about such an ordeal. References 1. Gizon, A. (2009). Holocaust. www.projectaladin.org. [Last accessed 23 June 2010] 2. Nikzor, P. (2008). David Irving. www.nizkor.org. [Last accessed 23 June 2010] 3. Lipstadt, D. (2009). Denying the Holocaust. www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars. [Last accessed 23 June 2010] 4. Irving, D. (1991). Hitlers War. London: Focal Point Publications. 5. Austin, B. (2004). Holocaust Denial. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. [Last accessed 23 June 2010] 6. Smith, L. (2005). Forgotten Voices of the Holocaust. London: Ebury Press. P.156/210

Metropolitan Opera House Essay Example for Free

Metropolitan Opera House Essay Maria Callas gives an outstanding performance at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York. This is unsurprising as Callas was one of the most famous sopranos of her time and a recognised Diva. The Newspaper review is gushing in praise of Callas who gives a powerful and convincing performance. It is noted that the reviewer had some reservations on a previous performance but the performance of Violetta in La Traviata left the reviewer in no doubt that Callas gave a performance that was the best interpretation he had ever witnessed in all his time attending and reviewing operas. The performance as Viloletta is a more congenial part than previously seen by the reviewer and it has so much passion and personal interpretation that it is difficult to distinguish between the dramatic and vocal performances. The whole performance seems real and the acting and singing become one, the perfect operatic qualities. The words in an opera can seem disjointed and difficult to express when read without music and it is Callas who brings the script and plot alive by sewing all the parts together to make an outstanding dramatic performance in conjunction with the musical performance by the orchestra.. She still had the slight wobble in her voice which is evident on the CD in some places, for example at 1:19 and 02:00 when the singing becomes fortissimo. However her reputation as a performer was so great that her fans and the reviewer where able to forgive this perceived fault and even claim that it added to the intensity of her performance. It shows emotion in the voice and this adds to the tragic quality of the roles often played by female opera singers. The CD shows a wide range of singing from the initial pianissimo start and the pizzicato accompaniment from the string section building up to 1:13 when Callas builds to an ornament at 1:19. The whole performance is very smooth and displays and you can hear the passion in Callas’ voice when she expresses her feelings. The reviewer mentions her striking presence which is an important part of opera throughout the world. Callas’ presence was reinforced by her status as a Diva and her reputation was worldwide. She had performed for the previous 7 years at La Scala in Milan to triumphant reviews and had gained publicity 4 years earlier when her appearance changed dramatically having lost 30 kilos in weight. She was married to a prominent businessman and Opera lover and was on the verge of starting a relationship with a world famous shipping magnate. Callas was portrayed as a Diva in much the same way as someone like Madonna is today and the public interest in her life only served to fuel her presence and reputation on the stage. Opera is performance on a grand scale so much so that opera venues are some of the grandest, most iconic and well recognised places in the world, for example the Sydney Opera House. Those who succeed in such an environment must be larger than life personalities. Maria Callas was certainly a Diva and her life was followed and reported by fans and the press alike. Her life was lived in the glare of publicity and even though she led a private life following her retirement in 1965 she still attracted great interest when she made public appearances. It is easy to see the appeal of her character and that many people liked to think of her as a tragic heroine due to difficult events in her life. In many ways this mirrored the Operatic roles she played with so much conviction it sometimes blurred the boundaries between reality and performance.

Energy Efficiency of a PRO Process

Energy Efficiency of a PRO Process Introduction The global energy demand is expeditiously increasing due to rapidly expanding population and their improved living standard. Although fossil fuels are mostly contributing to fulfilling this demand, the consumption has already exceeded the capacity of sustainable energy production (Efraty, 2013)(Yip et al., 2011). It is often claimed that we have enough reserves of coal, gas, and oil while the real scenario is different. Environment scientists reported that energy reserves are decreasing with time, which would be diminished within few decades (Figure 1). The lifetime of these reserves would be extended slightly if new reservoirs can be identified. Discovering new wells is becoming harder day-by-day and if it is discovered, the amounts of fuels would be significantly lower than the ones that have been found in the past1. Figure 1: The trends of global fossil fuels reserves[1] The rising energy demand and limited reserves of fossil fuels have motivated to researchers for exploring alternatives sources of renewable energy. Researchers have already discovered various sources of energy while wind, solar, tidal and biomass have been used for sustainable energy production (Straub, Deshmukh, Elimelech, 2015).ÂÂ   However, expensive equipment and high installation cost coupled with the uneven distribution of energy throughout the year have prevented them from being used widely (Sharif, Merdaw, Aryafar, Nicoll, 2014). Recently, a newly emerging source of clean energy called Osmotic power has attracted much attention to the researcher, which derived from salinity gradients found worldwide where two sources of water with different salinities are available next to each other (Y. C. Kim Elimelech, 2013).ÂÂ   The availability and predictability of osmotic power are much greater than the intermittent renewables like wind and solar. Salinity gradient is the difference in salt concentration between two solutions. The enormous amount of energy released from the mixing of two solutions of different salinities and this amount rises for higher concentration difference between the solutions. Small-scale investigations have been done for the mixing of freshwater and seawater, which reported that 2.6 MW energy produced for a flow of 1m3/s freshwater when mixed with seawater (Veerman, Saakes, Metz, Harmsen, 2009). Several technologies are being used to harvest osmotic power such as reverse electrodialysis (RED) (Achilli Childress, 2010) (Yip Elimelech, 2012),ÂÂ   pressure retarded osmosisÂÂ   (PRO) (Altaee Sharif, 2015)(Thorsen Holt, 2009)(Norman S., 2016), capacitive mixing (CAPMIX) (Reuters News Agency, n.d.), and hydrogel mixing (J. Kim, Jeong, Park, Shon, Kim, 2015). Among the technologies, RED and PRO are more advanced and demonstrated at pilot scale and both converts chemical potential to useful wo rk by the controlled mixing of two solutions of different salt concentration (Achilli Childress, 2010)(Yip Elimelech, 2014). RED is a membrane-based technology, which is driven by the Nernst potential, a manifestation of chemical potential difference. It uses a stack of altering ion exchange membranes that selectively allows ion permeation across the membranes. The net ion flux across the membranes is converted directly to electric current (Norman S., 2016)(Pattle, 1954). The process is very efficient for power generation but economically inefficient. The cost prices of available RED membrane is out of range, and recent investigations have showed that the price has to be reduced a hundred times to make the technology affordable (Post et al., 2010). The development of such type of membranes is very time consuming and difficult to achieve (Turek Bandura, 2007). Also, The operations of the RED process is complex and highly sensitive to the process parameters, which requires elaborate control system (Altaee Sharif, 2015). Alike reverse electrodialysis, PRO is also a membrane-based technology, but the difference is, PRO uses a single salt-rejecting semipermeable membrane instead of a stack of ion-exchange membranes. It utilizes the salinity gradient as osmotic power difference to drive the water permeation across the membrane from low salinity feed solution to high salinity draw solution. The expanding volume of draw solution flows through a hydro-turbine that generates useful mechanical and electrical works [18][19]. The design and operations of PRO are much simpler, and it does not depend too much on operational parameters except operating pressure of membrane at draw solution side. The recent analysis shows that PRO can achieve both greater efficiencies and power densities than RED and other existing technologies [14]. Most of the PRO studies have been focused on the mixing of seawater and freshwater, but this mixing scheme has been found to be unfeasible due to the lower power densities. Researchers agree that more study is necessary to assess the feasibility of processes based on streams of higher salinity. One of such processes is the energy recovery from desalination units by taking advantages of the mixing of discharged brine and seawater. Another process is the mixing of seawater with high salinity produced water from oil and natural gas exploration. However, the main problems of these process are concentraion polarization and salt leakage, which limit the PRO performance by reducing the driving force across the membrane. Before investigations to establish a viable PRO process for the large-scale operation, have focused on developing high-performance membrane and setting up suitable conditions to maximize the energy yields. Several thermodynamic properties are necessary to set up appropriate conditions to assess the performance of PRO process. The first of them is the Gibbs free energy of mixing because it provides the upper limit to the shaft power that is possible to recover from a mixing process, which occurs at constant temperature and pressure. Another property is osmotic pressure, which in necessary to establish operating pressure at different parts of the plant. Entropies and enthalpies are needed to evaluate the mechanical power of the rotary equipment involved. This work demonstrates a thermodynamic model to evaluate all of them in order to maximize the power recovery from PRO process. The Q-electrolattice equation of (EOS), which extends a lattice-based fluid model for electrolyte solutions, is adopted. The model also includes recently developed equations for PRO that considers concentration polarization; reverse salt permeability, and membrane fouling to predict water and salt flux across the membrane. In addition, most PRO models are based on solutions of Na+ and Cl ions only, whereas, in practice, saline water contains other ions in addition to these two.ÂÂ   This work reports simulations of PRO processes that consider the presence of multiple ions in solutions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl- and SO42-). The existing model mostly uses different platforms to calculate osmotic power, power density, and flux across the membrane (e.g. OLI-software is used to calculate osmotic power and another program for flux and power density), that increase the possibility of getting erroneous value because all these are inter-dependent. On the other hand, this model constantly and accurately determines all of them by a single program. Initial investigations have been done for freshwater+sewater and seawater+brine systems with single-stage PRO configuration. The predicted osmotic pressure, water flux across the membrane and recoveries of mechanical power are in very good agreement with experimental literature data. This set of results suggests that the Q-electrolattice EOS is a suitable model for the calculation of thermodynamic properties needed to assess the performance of PRO plants.ÂÂ   Now, it is planning this model for very high salinity solutions with multiple stage configurations. A techno-economic analysis will be done for the feasibility study of PRO process implementing at industrial scale. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this work is to develop a thermoynamic model based on Q-electrolattice equation of state for PRO process, and implement it to predict different thermodynamic properties in order to caltulate water and salt flux across the membrane and power densities. The various objectives associated with this aim are delineated below: Implement Q-electrolattice equation of state for the solutions of multiple salts to calculate osmotic power and verify the results with literature experimental data. Implement recently developed mass and salt flux equations, which considered concentration polarization, reverse salt flux and fouling of membrane. Implement basic thermodynamic relations for PRO units to determine entropies and enethalpies accurately. Develop the model for freshwater-seawater system with single stage configuration and extended it for higher salinity system with multiple stage configuration. Implement the cost equations to determine the capital cost for installation of the PRO units. Literature Review Q-elctrolattice equation of state The elctrolattice equation of state (EOS) was developed using the same methodology presented by Myers et al. (Myers, Sandler, Wood, 2002), based on the Helmholtz energy approach. The residual Helmholtz energy at a given temperature and volume is calculated by the addition various contributions along a hypothetical path.ÂÂ   These contributions consist of ion-solvent and solvent-solvent interaction over the short range, solvation effects, and ion-ion interactions over the long range. The total process is divided into four steps along a thermodynamic path( a. Zuber et al., 2013): Step-1: It is assumed that a reference mixture consisting of charged ions and molecules is in a hypothetical ideal gas state at temperature T and volume V. In the first step, the charges on all ions are removed. The change in Helmholtz energy is accounted by the Born equation for ions in a vacuum, Step-2: The short-range attractive dispersion and repulsive forces due to excluded volume are turned on. Also, self-association of solvent molecules can occur. The MTC EOS is used to calculate the change in Helmholtz energy for this step,. Step-3: The ions are recharged. The change in Helmholtz energy is accounted for by the Born equation for ions in a dielectric solvent, Step-4: The long-range interactions among the ions in solution are taken into account using the Mean Spherical Approximation (MSA), and the corresponding change in the molar Helmholtz free energy is denoted by . The residual Helmholtz energy for forming an electrolyte solution is thus given by: wherein So, To model electrostatic interactions, a single salt electrolyte solution is divided into five regions: three for solvent (D, ÃŽÂ ±, and ÃŽÂ ²), one for cation (C) and one for anion (A). To determine the MTC Helmholtz energy change, the model uses seven parameters to represent pure solvents.ÂÂ   The model assumes that the region-region interaction (except for ÃŽÂ ±-ÃŽÂ ²) are dispersion interactions, which are temperature dependent. In addition, it also assumed that the short-range interactions between the ÃŽÂ ± and ÃŽÂ ² region are zero.ÂÂ   This is summarized below: In addition, hydrogen bonding interactions are taken to be temperature independent. It is assumed that the interaction between the solvent and each charged species is equal; short-range interaction between opposite ions and same charge are neglected altogether.ÂÂ   This is summarized below: The Q-electrolattice equation of state is an extended version of the EOS in which an explicit MSA term is used which allows for unequal ionic diameters (which are ultimately regressed using experimental data). PRO principles Basic Theory Reference: Achilli, A., Childress, A. E. (2010). Pressure retarded osmosis: From the vision of Sidney Loeb to the first prototype installation Review. Desalination, 261(3), 205-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.06.017 Altaee, A., Sharif, A. (2015). Pressure retarded osmosis: advancement in the process applications for power generation and desalination. In Desalination (Vol. 356, pp. 31-46). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.09.028 Efraty, A. (2013). Pressure retarded osmosis in closed circuit: a new technology for clean power generation without need of energy recovery. Desalination and Water Treatment, 51(40-42), 7420-7430. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.793499 Kim, J., Jeong, K., Park, M. J., Shon, H. K., Kim, J. H. (2015). Recent advances in osmotic energy generation via pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO): A review. Energies, 8(10), 11821-11845. https://doi.org/10.3390/en81011821 Kim, Y. C., Elimelech, M. (2013). Potential of osmotic power generation by pressure retarded osmosis using seawater as feed solution: Analysis and experiments. Journal of Membrane Science, 429, 330-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2012.11.039 Myers, J. a., Sandler, S. I., Wood, R. H. (2002). An Equation of State for Electrolyte Solutions Covering Wide Ranges of Temperature, Pressure, and Composition. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, 41(13), 3282-3297. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie011016g Norman, S. L., S., R. (2016). Osmotic Power Plants Author ( s ): Sidney Loeb and Richard S . Norman. Science, 189(4203), 654-655. Pattle, R. E. (1954). Production of Electric Power by mixing Fresh and Salt Water in the Hydroelectric Pile. Nature. Post, J. W., Goeting, C. H., Valk, J., Goinga, S., Veerman, J., Hamelers, H. V. M., Hack, P. J. F. M. (2010). Towards implementation of reverse electrodialysis for power generation from salinity gradients. Desalination and Water Treatment, 16(1-3), 182-193. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2010.1093 Reuters News Agency. (n.d.). Norway Opens Worlds First Osmotic Power Plant. Retrieved January 17, 2013, from http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/11/24/us-nor way-osmotic-idUSTRE5A-N20Q20091124 Sharif, A., Merdaw, A., Aryafar, M., Nicoll, P. (2014). Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of the Potential of Osmotic Energy for Power Production. In Membranes (Vol. 4, pp. 447-468). https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes4030447 Straub, A. P., Deshmukh, A., Elimelech, M. (2015). Pressure-retarded osmosis for power generation from salinity gradients: is it viable? Energy Environ. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE02985F Thorsen, T., Holt, T. (2009). The potential for power production from salinity gradients by pressure retarded osmosis, 335, 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009.03.003 Turek, M., Bandura, B. (2007). Renewable energy by reverse electrodialysis. Desalination, 205(1-3), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.04.041 Veerman, J., Saakes, M., Metz, S. J., Harmsen, G. J. (2009). Reverse electrodialysis: Performance of a stack with 50 cells on the mixing of sea and river water. Journal of Membrane Science, 327(1-2), 136-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2008.11.015 Yip, N. Y., Elimelech, M. (2012). Thermodynamic and energy efficiency analysis of power generation from natural salinity gradients by pressure retarded osmosis. Environmental Science and Technology, 46(9), 5230-5239. https://doi.org/10.1021/es300060m Yip, N. Y., Elimelech, M. (2014). Comparison of Energy Efficiency and Power Density in Pressure Retarded Osmosis and Reverse Electrodialysis (7th Editio). Yip, N. Y., Tiraferri, A., Phillip, W. A., Schiffman, J. D., Hoover, L. A., Kim, Y. C., Elimelech, M. (2011). Thin-film composite pressure retarded osmosis membranes for sustainable power generation from salinity gradients{_}. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(10), 4360-4369. https://doi.org/10.1021/es104325z Zuber, A., Figueiredo, R., Castier, M. (2014). Fluid Phase Equilibria Thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of single and multiple salts using the Q-electrolattice equation of state. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 362, 268-280. Zuber,ÂÂ   a., Checoni, R. F., Mathew, R., Santos, J. P. L., Tavares, F. W., Castier, M. (2013). Thermodynamic Properties of 1:1 Salt Aqueous Solutions with the Electrolattice Equation of State. Oil Gas Science and Technology Revue dIFP Energies Nouvelles, 68(2), 255-270. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2012088 This work focuses on developing a thermodynamic model to analyse the energy efficiency of a PRO process in order to maximize the power recovery. It uses Q-electrolattice equation of state (developed for mixtures with mixed electrolytes) that can accurately determine various thermodynamics properties such as vapor pressure, osmotic coefficient, osmotic pressure, entropy and enthalpy at different conditions of concentration temperature and pressure (A. Zuber, Figueiredo, Castier, 2014). The model is implemented to XSEOS excel tool to calculate these thermodynamic properties. Moreover, it does not have any limitations to calculate osmotic pressure and other properties for very high concentraion solution containing multiple salts at extreme high temperation and pressure conditions. Achilli, A., Childress, A. E. (2010). Pressure retarded osmosis: From the vision of Sidney Loeb to the first prototype installation Review. Desalination, 261(3), 205-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.06.017 Altaee, A., Sharif, A. (2015). Pressure retarded osmosis: advancement in the process applications for power generation and desalination. In Desalination (Vol. 356, pp. 31-46). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.09.028 Efraty, A. (2013). Pressure retarded osmosis in closed circuit: a new technology for clean power generation without need of energy recovery. Desalination and Water Treatment, 51(40-42), 7420-7430. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.793499 Kim, J., Jeong, K., Park, M. J., Shon, H. K., Kim, J. H. (2015). Recent advances in osmotic energy generation via pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO): A review. Energies, 8(10), 11821-11845. https://doi.org/10.3390/en81011821 Kim, Y. C., Elimelech, M. (2013). Potential of osmotic power generation by pressure retarded osmosis using seawater as feed solution: Analysis and experiments. Journal of Membrane Science, 429, 330-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2012.11.039 Myers, J. a., Sandler, S. I., Wood, R. H. (2002). An Equation of State for Electrolyte Solutions Covering Wide Ranges of Temperature, Pressure, and Composition. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, 41(13), 3282-3297. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie011016g Norman, S. L., S., R. (2016). Osmotic Power Plants Author ( s ): Sidney Loeb and Richard S . Norman. Science, 189(4203), 654-655. Pattle, R. E. (1954). Production of Electric Power by mixing Fresh and Salt Water in the Hydroelectric Pile. Nature. Post, J. W., Goeting, C. H., Valk, J., Goinga, S., Veerman, J., Hamelers, H. V. M., Hack, P. J. F. M. (2010). Towards implementation of reverse electrodialysis for power generation from salinity gradients. Desalination and Water Treatment, 16(1-3), 182-193. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2010.1093 Reuters News Agency. (n.d.). Norway Opens Worlds First Osmotic Power Plant. Retrieved January 17, 2013, from http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/11/24/us-nor way-osmotic-idUSTRE5A-N20Q20091124 Sharif, A., Merdaw, A., Aryafar, M., Nicoll, P. (2014). Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of the Potential of Osmotic Energy for Power Production. In Membranes (Vol. 4, pp. 447-468). https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes4030447 Straub, A. P., Deshmukh, A., Elimelech, M. (2015). Pressure-retarded osmosis for power generation from salinity gradients: is it viable? Energy Environ. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE02985F Thorsen, T., Holt, T. (2009). The potential for power production from salinity gradients by pressure retarded osmosis, 335, 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009.03.003 Turek, M., Bandura, B. (2007). Renewable energy by reverse electrodialysis. Desalination, 205(1-3), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.04.041 Veerman, J., Saakes, M., Metz, S. J., Harmsen, G. J. (2009). Reverse electrodialysis: Performance of a stack with 50 cells on the mixing of sea and river water. Journal of Membrane Science, 327(1-2), 136-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2008.11.015 Yip, N. Y., Elimelech, M. (2012). Thermodynamic and energy efficiency analysis of power generation from natural salinity gradients by pressure retarded osmosis. Environmental Science and Technology, 46(9), 5230-5239. https://doi.org/10.1021/es300060m Yip, N. Y., Elimelech, M. (2014). Comparison of Energy Efficiency and Power Density in Pressure Retarded Osmosis and Reverse Electrodialysis (7th Editio). Yip, N. Y., Tiraferri, A., Phillip, W. A., Schiffman, J. D., Hoover, L. A., Kim, Y. C., Elimelech, M. (2011). Thin-film composite pressure retarded osmosis membranes for sustainable power generation from salinity gradients{_}. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(10), 4360-4369. https://doi.org/10.1021/es104325z Zuber, A., Figueiredo, R., Castier, M. (2014). Fluid Phase Equilibria Thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions of single and multiple salts using the Q-electrolattice equation of state. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 362, 268-280. Zuber,ÂÂ   a., Checoni, R. F., Mathew, R., Santos, J. P. L., Tavares, F. W., Castier, M. (2013). Thermodynamic Properties of 1:1 Salt Aqueous Solutions with the Electrolattice Equation of State. Oil Gas Science and Technology Revue dIFP Energies Nouvelles, 68(2), 255-270. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2012088 [1] All fossil fuel reserve and consumption data from CIA World Factbook