Wednesday, August 26, 2020

1800 Century English Literature Essay

Presentation Sonnets have been utilized for a considerable length of time to convey, stow away, safeguard and change implying that in typical speech would lose its essentialness. The essentialness of sonnets is as indispensable as mankind as is resounded by the expressions of John Keating who stated, â€Å"We don’t peruse and compose sonnets since it is adorable. We peruse and compose sonnets since we are individuals from humankind. What's more, humankind is loaded up with passion†¦Ã¢â‚¬   Therefore, sonnets can recount to a story, distinctively depict an item or circumstance, express the sentiments of enliven and in-invigorate things past what the ordinary sentence structure ever will (Kurkland). The utilization of language as a vehicle or instrument of conveyance is fundamental all through accounts everything being equal. Etymological significance is noted in numerous sonnets composed before the 1800 on the grounds that they catch chronicled minutes and incredible deeds of men w hich typical language would not do a lot of equity.  Hero and Lander is a fragmentary sonnet  by Christopher Marlowe who lived during the 1550s , a retelling a romantic tale of two individuals, first composed by a Greek writer Masseus Grammaticus yet retold by Marlowe in an interesting sexy and suggestive way that caught the hearts of a large number of his counterparts and was viewed as a perfect work of art. The skirmish of Maldon is a sonnet named after a renowned fight battled towards the finish of tenth century between the English and the Vikings. The sonnet depicts the occasions of the fight and the grisly experience suffered by the contenders, the demonstration of courage(folly)by the primary character in the sonnet King Brithnoth, who was the English driving his military against the Viking intrusion.  The two sonnets underscore the significance of etymological gadgets and uncover the significant worries of the period regarding human turn of events. They are an enthusiastic record of their subject and endeavor to convey a clear and moving record of the occasions utilizing style and imagery to convey their sincerely loaded subjects. Correlation and Contrast In Battle of Maldon, the initial refrain starts at a high note. †Then he requested every one of his warriors his pony to free Far away to send it and forward to go, To be aware of his hands and of his high heart†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Clash of Maldon The ruler is encouraging his officers on for a battle. He doesn't give them an opportunity to consider returning or of retreat. He additionally urges them to be courageous. In Hero and Lander, the start is as emotional as the one on Battle of Maldon. â€Å"On â€Å"Hellespont, liable of genuine love’s blood, In see and inverse two urban communities stood, Ocean borderers, detached by Neptune’s might;..† The way that there is blame is now a portend of disclosures of sins ahead. The heart , which is suggested in these initial scarcely any lines (by genuine affection and blood) is additionally referenced in Battle of Maldon , to draw out the earnestness and tense condition the subjects in the sonnets are encountering. The key similitudes and contrasts between the two social time frames spoke to by these stories While Hero and Lander was composed during the time of sentimentalism in Europe when a large portion of the academic work depended on the human sciences, scholarly advancement dependent on philosophy religion and expressions of the human experience became the overwhelming focus. It was the time of Shakespeare and individuals were progressively worried about themes, for example, love, equity, war, among others. The skirmish of Maldon was anyway composed when people existed to serve the desire of their lords, fights were battled as frequently as duels and everything was finished with the point of doing combating a foe and ensuring limits. The clash of Maldon lifts moral triumph over physical triumph. Despite the fact that the ruler is crushed, his activity of giving the Vikings access to his region, â€Å"Then did the lord, in his overweening heart Loan land a lot to that hated individuals. At that point ‘gan he get out †over the virus water Brighthelm’s child, and all the band tuned in. â€Å"Now room is allotted you, come quickly to us.† (The clash of Maldon)  This is a demonstration gallantry since he decides not to face a conflict with a foe who is significantly distraught. In doing this, he had the option to make a level-doing combating field for his rivals who later butchered him cruelly. Be that as it may, ruler Brithnoth kicks the bucket, his demonstration of bluster lives in the sonnet right up 'til today. His nation men who likewise remain by his body to battle til' the very end additionally show the solidarity, nationalism and faithfulness requested of any subject. The other people who fled depict an impact of tricky and defeatist like men who chose to escape their own siblings while they are being butchered. In spite of the fact that a portion of the writings first and foremost and the finish of the first composition were scorched in a fire, the foundation to the sonnet totally catches the brave demonstration of Brithnoth who chooses to battle to death rather than the alternative of taking care of the Vikings. The two sonnets appear to be worried about a focal item in the human body, the heart. They attempt to clarify how the heart is a significant segment on moving men to act in either weakness, courage or absurdity.  In differentiate, the two sonnets likewise address diverse theme by and large. While the clash of Maldon tends to fearlessness, profound quality and reliability (ethics), Hero and Lander centers around the enthusiasm and force of affection and its impact on people. While the previous is drawn toward standards and ideals (objective), the last is drawn toward human misery and bliss. Be that as it may, the two sonnets advocate for kicking the bucket for a reason. In the clash of Maldon, the reason is respect while in Hero and Lander, its adoration References Daniel J Kurkland 2000. www.Critical reading.com http://www.criticalreading.com/poetry.htm â€Å"The Battle of Maldon† interpreted by Barridge Wilfridge.  1997-2009 http://www.battleofmaldon.org.uk/index.htm â€Å"Hero and Leander, Christopher Marlowe †Introduction.† Poetry Criticism, Ed. Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 57 Gale Cengage, 2004. eNotes.com. 2006. 11 Dec 2009 <http://www.enotes.com/verse analysis/saint leander-christopher-marlowe> â€Å"Hero and Leander†, by Christopher Marlowe http://www.classic-literature.co.uk/english creators/sixteenth century/christopher-marlowe/saint and-leander/ Â

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Quinceanera by Judith Ortiz Cofer

Quinceanera is a sonnet composed by Judith Ortiz that discussions about a little youngster getting ready for her progress from a kid into a lady. In Spanish, the word Quinceanera is utilized to allude to a festival that is done to praise the change of a young lady into a lady where she develops and gets mindful. In the sonnet, Judith Cofer takes a gander at the progressions she needed to experience when she turned fifteen. She prevails with regards to passing on a bunch of feelings and changes she suffered in a distinctive way that has been adulated by numerous critics.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Quinceanera by Judith Ortiz Cofer explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The way of life of Latin society shapes the focal subject of the sonnet. In the Latino people group, the Quinceanera is one of the most significant festivals as it denotes the passageway of a little youngster into womanhood ordinarily at fifteen years old. The Quinceanera is an intricate and shared issue that is led by the girl’s guardians. The festival generally starts with a Catholic mass that is trailed by a gathering where fourteen couples go to the young lady. We can, subsequently, see that Judith Cofer obtains vigorously from the Latin social culture while composing the sonnet (Kennedy and Pearson 586). All through the sonnet, the speaker utilizes the principal individual voice ‘I or My’. Likewise, the speaker’s voice and the usage of word decision uncovers her way of life as a female. This is represented in the expression â€Å"I reach under my skirt to feel a glossy silk slip† (Cofer 116). The quinceanera is related with a particular ceremony that includes a conventional three step dance move that is performed by the dad and girl. The event is likewise includes toasting of wine and the young lady tossing a bundle to a gathering of young men to figure out who will have the distinctions of hitting the dance flo or with the young lady. Despite the fact that the festival is normally tedious and costly, it denotes a significant time in numerous families. To the speaker of the sonnet, the service just added to increasing her uneasiness, and this can be seen from the line â€Å"†¦waiting for every hour to discharge me.† She is anxious and can't trust that the festival will end (Stavans, 96). She fears being a lady and doing the majority of the things that were accomplished for her. Judith Cofer in her sonnet investigates the issues of being a lady. In a general public, that considers a to be as sub-par compared to a man; she is against the progressions that go with womanhood. This she says would one say one is of the reasons that drove her to compose the sonnet dependent on her own encounters when she turned fifteen.Advertising Looking for explore paper on american writing? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the sonnet, at fif teen, she is developing and needs to get rid of adolescent practices since she is presently turning into a lady. This denotes the start of another life where she would be liable for the vast majority of the things she had accomplished for her. This is apparent in the line â€Å"I am to wash my own garments and sheets from this day on,† where the artist gripes about doing her clothing (Stavans, 96). In the sonnet, the writer considers herself to be a little youngster bound in a develop girl’s body. She is seen respecting herself in a wonderful dress with her hair all around fixed as she envisions of developing on the day and turning into a lady. The sonnet is subsequently about how everybody accepts of developing up and halting all the adolescent practices, however now and again it might be difficult to value the change. As per the sonnet, there is a period for being a kid and an opportunity to develop into a grown-up. The essayist utilizes persona, and this is seen whe n the little youngster attempts to clarify her sentiments about growing up into a grown-up. The essayist has additionally utilized a ton of symbolism in the sonnet particularly when the little youngster in the sonnet attempts to clarify her changing looks and feelings. The utilization of metaphorical language has assisted with making the verse rich. For instance, the fifth line says, â€Å"It is delicate as within my thighs† which catches the creative mind of the peruser as well as makes the sonnet fascinating. The utilization of allegorical language likewise helps in underscoring on the progressions she is encountering when her youth is consummation, and she is transforming into a lady. The little youngster is terrified and fears turning into a lady. In the sonnet, she thinks about herself to a wrecked clock, and she is terrified that as her skin expands it will break her bones. The artist composes, â€Å"At night I hear myself developing and wake to discover my hands float ing of their own will to alleviate skin extended tight over my bones† (Cofer 116). To the little youngster, the main beneficial thing that left of her youth is the recollections she has of when everything was fun and clear. The progress to adulthood has been a battle for the little youngster. She sees that in the wake of transforming into a lady, she will put on glossy silk slips and her days as a naã ¯ve young lady who plays with toys will be a distant memory. Her meaning of being a lady is that she should accomplish a greater amount of the family unit assignments, for example, washing her clothing as she gets ready for marriage.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Quinceanera by Judith Ortiz Cofer explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Her body changes are making her stressed and the way that her menstrual periods have begun causes her to feel embarrassed about being a lady. She cries that states â€Å"the little stream of blood I acc ept heads out from my heart to the world were shameful† (Stavans, 96). Losing her toys appears to influence her so much that she is worried about the possibility that that her new course in life won't grant her to play with them and this makes her apprehensive. In the initial two lines of the sonnet, she cries that her doll is being pressed like a dead kid. To her, this implies the passing of her adolescence and the start of another life that she despises. While finishing up the sonnet, the author gives her dread of being a lady and her life being â€Å"wound contorted like the guts of a clock† (Cofer 116). End The progress from adolescence to adulthood is one of the vital strides in everyone’s life. To a few, it very well may be simple and acknowledged, however to other people, the change is loaded up with a great deal of dread, uneasiness, and hatred. Judith Cofer’s change into a lady was perhaps the hardest period in her life. She composes the sonnet to represent the blended sentiments she had during the change and the occasions that denoted this progress. The adjustments in her body and the desires for the general public made her humiliated and angry of the progress. Work Cited Cofer, Ortiz. Quiet moving: an incomplete recognition of a Puerto Rican adolescence. New York: Arte Publico Press, 1990.Print Kennedy and Pearson, Gioia. A prologue to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. New York: Pearson Longman, 2004.Print Stavans, Ilan. Quinceaã ±era. Santa Clause Barbara: Greenwood, 2010.Print This examination paper on Quinceanera by Judith Ortiz Cofer was composed and presented by client Reuben Spencer to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Mindfulness-Based Relationship Enhancement Benefits

Mindfulness-Based Relationship Enhancement Benefits Relationships Print Understanding Mindfulness-Based Relationship Enhancement By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on October 20, 2019  Getty / Adam Berry / Stringer More in Relationships Spouses & Partners LGBTQ Violence and Abuse In This Article Table of Contents Expand Defining Mindfulness What Is MBRE? MBRE Techniques Benefits Research Practicing at Home View All Back To Top Mindfulness-based relationship enhancement (MBRE) is a set of techniques used with couples who are already content with each other (i.e. not in distress) to help strengthen coping skills related to stress within the relationship. All couples will face life challenges and stressors in their lifetime. As these difficult periods of life emerge, it is helpful for couples to have skills that promote working together and positive, adaptive coping strategies. That is where mindfulness-based relationship enhancement comes in. MBRE has been shown to be effective for boosting stress coping skills, increasing personal well-being, improving relationship happiness, and increasing stress management skills. The ultimate goal of mindfulness-based relationship enhancement is to learn how to be present in the moment, accepting of whatever challenges you are facing individually and as a couple, and taking your time reacting and making decisions to avoid the negative impact of hasty choices made in the heat of the moment. Defining Mindfulness Before we start to understand mindfulness-based relationship enhancement, it is helpful to take a step back and learn a bit about the concept of mindfulness. Mindfulness refers to being in a state of focused attention and awareness of your present experience. It also involves being curious, open, and accepting of that experience. When you are acting mindfully, you dont immediately react to thoughts or emotions that pass through your mind. Instead, you act as a non-judging observer who explores and acknowledges feelings without immediately reacting. In this way, the roots of mindfulness lie in Buddhist or Zen meditation. How does mindfulness help you? When you learn to practice mindfulness, you are learning how to cope in all of the different areas of your life. Rather than being a skill, mindfulness is a way of approaching life and the world. Mindfulness makes all things in life more pleasant, it helps you to think more clearly, aids in being in the moment, and increases your ability to cope with stressful events. Mindfulness Meditation: How Do I Do It? What Is Mindfulness-Based Relationship Enhancement? Mindfulness-based relationship enhancement is simply the extension of mindfulness techniques to the relationship realm. MBRE has the same purpose as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), founded by American professor of medicine Jon Kabat-Zinn, except that it is applied to couples. Instead of allowing disagreements to escalate, which can happen when couples react in haste or out of anger or anxiety, MBRE teaches couples how to prevent and diffuse disagreements and conflict. 4 Components of MBRE There are four main areas on which MBRE is based as follows:Mindfulness: Learning to be non-judging of all experiences in the present moment (good and bad). This means experiencing present-moment awareness but not reacting to it.Acceptance: Learning to accept experiences as they are, which leads to increased compassion and empathy for yourself and your partner.Relaxation: Learning to generate the relaxation response, which helps to manage stress and improve feelings of well-being, clarity, and the ability to remain calm.Self-broadening: Developing a greater sense of trust, connection, and love for everyone. MBRE also involves gaining insight into your own patterns of interactions in your relationship, and feelings and thoughts. It could be that you and your spouse have each fallen into negative ways of thinking or interacting with each other that could be improved. Whats the advantage of mindfulness in a relationship? In general, being mindful as a couple means not getting caught up in both the little annoyances of life, as well as not being overwhelmed by the larger life challenges. It means being flexible and non-judgemental, accepting differences, being less reactive, and being more objective. All of these qualities, both on a personal level and as a couple, will serve you well in facing the world togetherâ€"as well as simply spending time with one another. MBRE Techniques The following are mindfulness-based relationship enhancement techniques that may be used as part of this set of strategies. Partner-focused loving-kindness meditation: Loving-kindness meditation is focused on care and concern for yourself and others. It involves learning to feel pure love and opening up your mind and heart to your partner. It also reflects selflessness and breaking down barriers.Learning to be mindful of daily pleasant events: This technique involves becoming open to the present moment in a non-judging way. This allows us to notice the smaller things in life that we may not normally notice. It also promotes gratitude and being thankful for pleasant experiences.Improving intimacy through mindful touching and eye-gazing: Mindful touching and eye gazing involve touching your partner or looking into your partners eyes and noticing whatever you feel in the moment. Benefits What are the established benefits of mindfulness-based relationship enhancement? There is robust and growing scientific evidence to support the positive effects of the use of mindfulness in improving relationships. Some of the many benefits of MBRE include: Increased relationship satisfactionIncreased acceptance of ones partnerImproved individual well-beingLowered relationship distressIncreased self-reported empathyIncreased ability to respond to relationship stressImproved emotional stress responsesImprovements in perceptions of the relationship (before and after disagreements)More adaptive communication stylesImproved relaxation responseDevelopment of a buffer against chronic stressCalming of emotional arousal Mindfulness-based relationship enhancement can involve using strategies individually (such as practicing mindfulness on your own) or as a couple. These strategies allow you to become better in tune with yourself and your partner, to increase your empathy, and see problems that arise as challenges to be overcome rather than as threats to your relationship. Think of the last time you found yourself upset in your relationship. Chances are that instead of collaboration and understanding, one or both of you were upset and being confrontational. While stress can lead to conflict and negative emotions, when you practice mindfulness, you will experience compassion and acceptance in the moment, which will improve outcomes for your relationship. Could Negativity Be Hurting Your Marriage? Research A 2004 study in the journal Behavior Therapy investigated the use of mindfulness-based relationship enhancement to enhance the relationships of couples who were happy and not in distress. The study showed that there were positive outcomes of MBRE in the following areas. In addition, all of these benefits continued to show at a 3-month follow-up in the study. Benefits for Couples Enhanced relationship satisfaction Improved autonomy Improved relatedness Increased closeness Increased acceptance of each other Lower relationship distress Benefits for Individuals Increased optimism Enhanced spirituality Improved relaxation Reduced psychological distress A 2015 phenomenological study published in the Journal of Marital and Family Therapy investigated the impact of a relationship enhancement program for couples expecting their first child. This program was called the 4-Week Mindful Transition to Parenthood Program and involved mindfulness practices and interpersonal activities with an aim of developing personal and interpersonal skills for being in tune with oneself and each other in a couple. The study involved semi-structured interviews with 13 couples and identified four areas of improvement after the mindfulness program: Positive change for individuals in terms of awareness and acceptanceImprovements in the couple relationship such as a deeper connection with each otherFeeling more prepared for the arrival of the baby and more confident as parentsMore involvement and better identification on the part of fathers These study findings highlight the benefits of MBRE in terms of positive enhancements for both individuals in the relationship as well as the couple as a whole unit. Practicing at Home How can you practice mindfulness-based relationship enhancement on your own at home? One way to do this is to draw on the techniques of MBRE on your own. Below is a list of quick mindfulness strategies that you can employ on your own as a couple to start adding mindfulness to your relationship. Disconnect. Put away your phones when you are together. Be in the moment and talk to each other.Listen actively. Rather than thinking about what you will say next, listen to what your partner says. Ask questions and be curious.Feel grateful. Notice the times when your partner makes you feel happy and feel gratitude for those moments.Be silent. Enjoy a bit of silence together. You dont always need to be talking to connect.Respond. Instead of reacting with anger or emotions, take a breath, and respond in a rational way to problems that come up or the challenges that you face together.Create a vision. Make a list of 10 to 20 ways that you want to interact with each other in the future, such as We support each others growth or We do something new or fun together once a month.Engage in caring behaviors. Ask your partner what things make them feel good, and make a commitment to do those special things on a regular basis. Examples might include buying flowers or holding hands.Daily apprecia tion. Make a habit of expressing appreciation for each other once a day. Take a moment free of distractions and describe to each other something that the other person did that made you feel good.See through new eyes. Slow down for a moment and see your partner through new eyes. Really notice things about your loved one that you take for granted, and fall in love all over again.Eye gazing. Take a few minutes and spend it gazing into each others eyes. This type of extended eye gaze increases oxytocin, which is the hormone that increases bonding.Embrace. When you first see each other at the end of the day, before you say anything, embrace without talking until the point that you feel both of you relaxing. This engages the vagus nerve, which helps induce the relaxation response.Breathe together. Practice mindful breathing together, in which you slow down in the inhale and exhale. This practice will also induce a relaxation response.Mindful conversation. When you talk to each other, prac tice being open-minded and non-judgmental. Whether you have a deep conversation or a good laugh, be present at the moment without reacting or judging.Be compassionate. See your partner in a compassionate way. In what ways has he or she suffered? See your partner not as an enemy but as a person needing compassion.Meditate together. Find a loving-kindness meditation or another type of meditation on Youtube and practice it together. One practice that a couple can do to grow closer, that is easy and  wholesome, is  mindfulness meditation.Mindful touching. Spend time touching each other in an intentional way, rather than mindlessly. Be aware of what you are doing and focus on the moment.Think before speaking. Before talking to your partner, take a moment to think about what you want to say and make sure that you are clear on what you want them to know and what result you want from the conversation. Also, be aware of how you are feeling in that moment. A Word From Verywell Mindfulness-based relationship enhancement has a long history and proven benefits to help you build a stronger and more resilient foundation as a couple. If you are already in a happy and positive relationship, MBRE may be helpful to prepare you for the life challenges you will eventually face, such as having children, job loss, financial difficulties, illness, etc. Whereas many couples may be thrown off by these events, through MBRE you will be better prepared to respond to each other in an adaptive way and be mindful of how your individual behavior affects your relationship and all areas of your life. How Imago Therapy Can Transform Your Relationship

Mindfulness-Based Relationship Enhancement Benefits

Mindfulness-Based Relationship Enhancement Benefits Relationships Print Understanding Mindfulness-Based Relationship Enhancement By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on October 20, 2019  Getty / Adam Berry / Stringer More in Relationships Spouses & Partners LGBTQ Violence and Abuse In This Article Table of Contents Expand Defining Mindfulness What Is MBRE? MBRE Techniques Benefits Research Practicing at Home View All Back To Top Mindfulness-based relationship enhancement (MBRE) is a set of techniques used with couples who are already content with each other (i.e. not in distress) to help strengthen coping skills related to stress within the relationship. All couples will face life challenges and stressors in their lifetime. As these difficult periods of life emerge, it is helpful for couples to have skills that promote working together and positive, adaptive coping strategies. That is where mindfulness-based relationship enhancement comes in. MBRE has been shown to be effective for boosting stress coping skills, increasing personal well-being, improving relationship happiness, and increasing stress management skills. The ultimate goal of mindfulness-based relationship enhancement is to learn how to be present in the moment, accepting of whatever challenges you are facing individually and as a couple, and taking your time reacting and making decisions to avoid the negative impact of hasty choices made in the heat of the moment. Defining Mindfulness Before we start to understand mindfulness-based relationship enhancement, it is helpful to take a step back and learn a bit about the concept of mindfulness. Mindfulness refers to being in a state of focused attention and awareness of your present experience. It also involves being curious, open, and accepting of that experience. When you are acting mindfully, you dont immediately react to thoughts or emotions that pass through your mind. Instead, you act as a non-judging observer who explores and acknowledges feelings without immediately reacting. In this way, the roots of mindfulness lie in Buddhist or Zen meditation. How does mindfulness help you? When you learn to practice mindfulness, you are learning how to cope in all of the different areas of your life. Rather than being a skill, mindfulness is a way of approaching life and the world. Mindfulness makes all things in life more pleasant, it helps you to think more clearly, aids in being in the moment, and increases your ability to cope with stressful events. Mindfulness Meditation: How Do I Do It? What Is Mindfulness-Based Relationship Enhancement? Mindfulness-based relationship enhancement is simply the extension of mindfulness techniques to the relationship realm. MBRE has the same purpose as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), founded by American professor of medicine Jon Kabat-Zinn, except that it is applied to couples. Instead of allowing disagreements to escalate, which can happen when couples react in haste or out of anger or anxiety, MBRE teaches couples how to prevent and diffuse disagreements and conflict. 4 Components of MBRE There are four main areas on which MBRE is based as follows:Mindfulness: Learning to be non-judging of all experiences in the present moment (good and bad). This means experiencing present-moment awareness but not reacting to it.Acceptance: Learning to accept experiences as they are, which leads to increased compassion and empathy for yourself and your partner.Relaxation: Learning to generate the relaxation response, which helps to manage stress and improve feelings of well-being, clarity, and the ability to remain calm.Self-broadening: Developing a greater sense of trust, connection, and love for everyone. MBRE also involves gaining insight into your own patterns of interactions in your relationship, and feelings and thoughts. It could be that you and your spouse have each fallen into negative ways of thinking or interacting with each other that could be improved. Whats the advantage of mindfulness in a relationship? In general, being mindful as a couple means not getting caught up in both the little annoyances of life, as well as not being overwhelmed by the larger life challenges. It means being flexible and non-judgemental, accepting differences, being less reactive, and being more objective. All of these qualities, both on a personal level and as a couple, will serve you well in facing the world togetherâ€"as well as simply spending time with one another. MBRE Techniques The following are mindfulness-based relationship enhancement techniques that may be used as part of this set of strategies. Partner-focused loving-kindness meditation: Loving-kindness meditation is focused on care and concern for yourself and others. It involves learning to feel pure love and opening up your mind and heart to your partner. It also reflects selflessness and breaking down barriers.Learning to be mindful of daily pleasant events: This technique involves becoming open to the present moment in a non-judging way. This allows us to notice the smaller things in life that we may not normally notice. It also promotes gratitude and being thankful for pleasant experiences.Improving intimacy through mindful touching and eye-gazing: Mindful touching and eye gazing involve touching your partner or looking into your partners eyes and noticing whatever you feel in the moment. Benefits What are the established benefits of mindfulness-based relationship enhancement? There is robust and growing scientific evidence to support the positive effects of the use of mindfulness in improving relationships. Some of the many benefits of MBRE include: Increased relationship satisfactionIncreased acceptance of ones partnerImproved individual well-beingLowered relationship distressIncreased self-reported empathyIncreased ability to respond to relationship stressImproved emotional stress responsesImprovements in perceptions of the relationship (before and after disagreements)More adaptive communication stylesImproved relaxation responseDevelopment of a buffer against chronic stressCalming of emotional arousal Mindfulness-based relationship enhancement can involve using strategies individually (such as practicing mindfulness on your own) or as a couple. These strategies allow you to become better in tune with yourself and your partner, to increase your empathy, and see problems that arise as challenges to be overcome rather than as threats to your relationship. Think of the last time you found yourself upset in your relationship. Chances are that instead of collaboration and understanding, one or both of you were upset and being confrontational. While stress can lead to conflict and negative emotions, when you practice mindfulness, you will experience compassion and acceptance in the moment, which will improve outcomes for your relationship. Could Negativity Be Hurting Your Marriage? Research A 2004 study in the journal Behavior Therapy investigated the use of mindfulness-based relationship enhancement to enhance the relationships of couples who were happy and not in distress. The study showed that there were positive outcomes of MBRE in the following areas. In addition, all of these benefits continued to show at a 3-month follow-up in the study. Benefits for Couples Enhanced relationship satisfaction Improved autonomy Improved relatedness Increased closeness Increased acceptance of each other Lower relationship distress Benefits for Individuals Increased optimism Enhanced spirituality Improved relaxation Reduced psychological distress A 2015 phenomenological study published in the Journal of Marital and Family Therapy investigated the impact of a relationship enhancement program for couples expecting their first child. This program was called the 4-Week Mindful Transition to Parenthood Program and involved mindfulness practices and interpersonal activities with an aim of developing personal and interpersonal skills for being in tune with oneself and each other in a couple. The study involved semi-structured interviews with 13 couples and identified four areas of improvement after the mindfulness program: Positive change for individuals in terms of awareness and acceptanceImprovements in the couple relationship such as a deeper connection with each otherFeeling more prepared for the arrival of the baby and more confident as parentsMore involvement and better identification on the part of fathers These study findings highlight the benefits of MBRE in terms of positive enhancements for both individuals in the relationship as well as the couple as a whole unit. Practicing at Home How can you practice mindfulness-based relationship enhancement on your own at home? One way to do this is to draw on the techniques of MBRE on your own. Below is a list of quick mindfulness strategies that you can employ on your own as a couple to start adding mindfulness to your relationship. Disconnect. Put away your phones when you are together. Be in the moment and talk to each other.Listen actively. Rather than thinking about what you will say next, listen to what your partner says. Ask questions and be curious.Feel grateful. Notice the times when your partner makes you feel happy and feel gratitude for those moments.Be silent. Enjoy a bit of silence together. You dont always need to be talking to connect.Respond. Instead of reacting with anger or emotions, take a breath, and respond in a rational way to problems that come up or the challenges that you face together.Create a vision. Make a list of 10 to 20 ways that you want to interact with each other in the future, such as We support each others growth or We do something new or fun together once a month.Engage in caring behaviors. Ask your partner what things make them feel good, and make a commitment to do those special things on a regular basis. Examples might include buying flowers or holding hands.Daily apprecia tion. Make a habit of expressing appreciation for each other once a day. Take a moment free of distractions and describe to each other something that the other person did that made you feel good.See through new eyes. Slow down for a moment and see your partner through new eyes. Really notice things about your loved one that you take for granted, and fall in love all over again.Eye gazing. Take a few minutes and spend it gazing into each others eyes. This type of extended eye gaze increases oxytocin, which is the hormone that increases bonding.Embrace. When you first see each other at the end of the day, before you say anything, embrace without talking until the point that you feel both of you relaxing. This engages the vagus nerve, which helps induce the relaxation response.Breathe together. Practice mindful breathing together, in which you slow down in the inhale and exhale. This practice will also induce a relaxation response.Mindful conversation. When you talk to each other, prac tice being open-minded and non-judgmental. Whether you have a deep conversation or a good laugh, be present at the moment without reacting or judging.Be compassionate. See your partner in a compassionate way. In what ways has he or she suffered? See your partner not as an enemy but as a person needing compassion.Meditate together. Find a loving-kindness meditation or another type of meditation on Youtube and practice it together. One practice that a couple can do to grow closer, that is easy and  wholesome, is  mindfulness meditation.Mindful touching. Spend time touching each other in an intentional way, rather than mindlessly. Be aware of what you are doing and focus on the moment.Think before speaking. Before talking to your partner, take a moment to think about what you want to say and make sure that you are clear on what you want them to know and what result you want from the conversation. Also, be aware of how you are feeling in that moment. A Word From Verywell Mindfulness-based relationship enhancement has a long history and proven benefits to help you build a stronger and more resilient foundation as a couple. If you are already in a happy and positive relationship, MBRE may be helpful to prepare you for the life challenges you will eventually face, such as having children, job loss, financial difficulties, illness, etc. Whereas many couples may be thrown off by these events, through MBRE you will be better prepared to respond to each other in an adaptive way and be mindful of how your individual behavior affects your relationship and all areas of your life. How Imago Therapy Can Transform Your Relationship

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Use Of Literary Devices Throughout Ray Bradbury s The Veldt

Use of Literary Devices throughout Ray Bradbury’s â€Å"The Veldt† Ray Bradbury’s personal life encounters and his use of universal literary devices throughout â€Å"The Veldt† accentuate his frequent themes involving fear and harmful innovation. Bradbury’s life experiences, such as living during World War II, also played a major roll in his fearful theme decisions and sadistic writing style. Bradbury incorporates multiple literary techniques into â€Å"The Veldt† including: metaphors, foreshadowing, irony, imagery, personification, a simplistic writing style, allusions, and symbolism. In â€Å"The Veldt†, he commonly uses metaphors, comparing how one item is like another, to foreshadow or create an eerie tone. Bradbury also leaves out details of ranging importance to make his writing more personable; this allows the readers to feel involved in the story. Bradbury directs a majority of his attention on getting his point across using a simplistic writing style rather than bewildering his readers with complex vocabu lary and a perplexing structure. â€Å"The Veldt† alludes to multiple positively correlated topics; this is a contrast to the dark themes of the story and slightly adds an additional realistic sentiment to the story. This reaction subconsciously causes readers to become more attentive to the disturbing atmosphere the writing is centered around. His use of symbolism contributes to the tone of sinister tendencies in the â€Å"The Veldt†. Additionally, his use of personification and imageryShow MoreRelatedTechnology and Family Issues in The Veldt by Ray Bradbury Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pagesfew hours—the tantrum he threw!† (Bradbury). This line of the story explains the wanting of the family’s children back against technology. It also shows that the technology is winning because of the desire to keep playing in the nursery. â€Å"The Veldt† is a short story written by Ray Bradbury who was born on August 22, 1920 and passed away on June 5, 201 2. He was very interested in the science fiction genre and Edgar Allan Poe (Kattelman). Kattelman states that Bradbury, â€Å"as a young child was influencedRead MoreThe Veldt, By Ray Bradbury1444 Words   |  6 Pageshover boards, and using iPads to order food at a restaurant. What used to be inconceivable in the 1950s is now the norm 66 years later The science fiction short story â€Å"The Veldt,† by Ray Bradbury, was written in the 1950s, yet gives the reader perspective on the dangers of advancing technology as a prophecy of our future. In â€Å"The Veldt,† the two parents, Lydia and George, are affluent and spoil their children, Peter and Wendy with technology, which ultimately leads to the parents’ death. Using Lois Tyson’s

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Essay - 3828 Words

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Introduction The TSYS Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the quot;Codequot;) covers a wide range of business practices and procedures. While it does not cover every issue that may arise, this Code outlines basic principles to guide all employees and officers of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries (quot;team membersquot;). In addition, all members of the Companys Board of Directors and members of the boards of directors of the Companys majority-owned subsidiaries, in regard to their Company duties, are responsible for conducting themselves in connection with the applicable provisions of this Code. Team members and directors must conduct themselves accordingly and seek to avoid even the†¦show more content†¦A quot;conflict of interestquot; exists when a persons private interest interferes in any way with the interests of the Company. A conflict situation can arise when a team member or director takes actions or has interests that may make it difficult to perform his or her Co mpany work objectively and effectively. Conflicts of interest may also arise when a team member or director, or a member of his or her family, receives improper personal benefits as a result of his or her position in the Company. It is almost always a conflict of interest for a Company team member to work simultaneously for a competitor, customer or supplier. Team members are not allowed to work for a competitor as a consultant or board member. Team members should avoid any direct or indirect business connection with the Companys customers, suppliers or competitors, except on behalf of the Company. Conflicts of interest are prohibited as a matter of Company policy. Conflicts of interest may not always be clear-cut. Team members or directors who have questions about potential areas of conflict should consult their supervisor or the Companys General Counsels Office, as appropriate. For more information, please refer to the quot;Conflict and Your Jobquot; section of the Team Member Guide. If you are aware of a conflict or potential conflict, you should bring it to the attention of your supervisor, manager or other appropriate personnel or consult the procedures described in Section 12 ofShow MoreRelatedCode Of Ethics And Business Conduct Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesCODE OF ETHICAL CONDUCT Our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct (the Code) speaks ethical conduct in our work environment, business practices and relationships with external stakeholders. This sets out the rules and regulations that all our employees will follow to regulate successful business. Everybody at the organization needs to abide by these rules and principles set, as we will have zero tolerance who disagrees to this. Our code of ethics include the following: 1. Compliance with the Law: Read MoreCode of Business: Ethics and Conduct7244 Words   |  29 PagesCODE OF BUSINESS ETHICS AND CONDUCT Everything  we  do  Ã‚   should  be  with  the  Ã‚   highest  integrity.  Ã‚   No  ethical  shortcuts  Ã‚   of  any  kind.  Ã‚   Integrity  and  honesty  Ã‚   are  simply  Ã‚   not  optional.   2        Ã‚     Ã‚   NOTE  TO  EMPLOYEES:  In  this  Code,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Company†Ã‚  means  Burger  King  Corporation  and  its  subsidiaries  and   affiliates.  This  Code  is  not  an  employment  contract  and  compliance  with  this  Code  does  not  guarantee   continued  employment  with  the  Company.  Any  modification  to  current  terms  and  conditions  of  your  Read MoreAnalysis Of Compania De Minas Buenaventura S.a Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesProducer of the best geological information in Peru. †¢ Seeks to expand its reserves production and earnings. †¢ Listed on Lima Stock Exchange (BUE.LM) since 1971 and on The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: BVN) since 1996. Buenaventura’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is oriented to the Board of Directors of the company. It set some important aspects and basic behaviors that all members of the company must follow. The document is divided into 5 parts [2]. 1. Purpose, where it is established the mainRead MoreA Brief Note On Ethics And Conduct And Behavior1089 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Research Report Student Name: Longfei Wang Student ID: 11529471 Executive Summary This report describe the two professional areas, they are Early Childhood and Public Relation (PR). In this two areas, this article illustrates the importance of three professional codes which are ethics, conduct and behavior. The report also reveal some ethical or unethical behaviors in the light of the two professional areas. Then the two professions will be compared in the codes ofRead MoreSystem Of Inquiry Paper1188 Words   |  5 PagesSystem of Inquiry Paper Introduction The System of Inquiry paper will be based on the Code of Ethics for St. Paul Travelers Companies, Inc. The formal 16-page document demonstrates a consistent process throughout an organization that has offices throughout the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. The System of Inquiry paper will demonstrateRead MoreCHEESE CAKE FACTORY987 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Ethical and Socially Responsive Business The Cheese Cake Factory is the restaurant I chose to evaluate when it comes to the code of ethical conduct. The code of ethical conduct is essential when it comes to running a business. In order for the company to be successful, they must carefully address problems and behaviors within the company that might affect the company. The code of conduct is crucial when it comes to the human aspect of the company. For the company’s success, they must follow andRead MoreEthics And Code Of Ethics1043 Words   |  5 PagesEthics are concerned with how human been ought to act given a certain set of condition. The ethics govern an individual while making decisions especially when multiple choices are represented. Business, for instance, has set of principles which act as a guide on how the employees ought to conduct themselves while executing their duty .The set of rules and principles refer to the code of ethics. The code of ethics gives a guide on the professionals expected conduct whi le working for a given organizationRead MoreThe Importance of Ethics in Business Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesEthics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the principles correlated to human behavior concerning the rightness and wrongness of specific conduct, and to the good and bad that influences and ends those actions (Ditonary.com, 2011). In other words, ethics is the choice people effect in regards to a decision they need to achieve. Without ethics directing the choice an individual makes, moral preferences of what should or should not be done becomes irrelevant. While ethical decisions areRead MoreWhat is Business Ethics?741 Words   |  3 Pages In today’s business world businesses face the challenge of doing the right thing over doing the profitable thing more than ever before. For many years the sole purpose of business was to be make profits for the shareholders. This view has now been changed. The propriety of business actions is being challenged by the modern day consumer. One of the major issues or opportunities (depending on which way one may see it) is the issue of ‘going-green’. Consumers in today’s society have access to a largeRead MoreEssay about LAWS 310 Week 7 Assignment You Deci1179 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Widget Tech Inc. Code of Ethics Professor: Tonya  Floyd LAWS 310 Devry University Review of Widget Tech Inc. Code of Ethics Table of Contents Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦3 How to Create a Code of Ethics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....†¦....†¦4 Components of a Code of Ethics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....6 Sources†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Importance of Interpersonal Communications in a...

I don’t know where I would be without my best friend. The person who keeps me sane when my family is driving me crazy, or the person who will stay up with me all night to support me when I have a last minute paper due in a class; I don’t know where I would be without that support. I found this support in my best friend, my sister from another father, Regina. Regina is an eccentric, overbearing, lover of all things natural type of girl. She lives life to the fullest and never backs down from a challenge. She is funny, full of whit and sharper than a tack fresh out of the box. Although it hasn’t always been a smooth road for us we still remain friends to this day. Regina and I were neighbors for several years and in that time our†¦show more content†¦Managing my emotions and listening carefully greatly improved my response and nonverbal communication. Once I had my emotions in check, Regina’s attention, and an environment that reduced my lis tening barriers, it was time for self-disclosure. Self-disclosure is defined as purposefully providing information about yourself to others that they would not learn if you did not tell them (Beebe, Beebe, and Redmond pp. 53). Since Regina and I already knew a lot about each other, I chose the time we spent together to disclose my thoughts and feelings about our current situation and my feelings on our relationship. I began with an open conversation about our avoidance of our core issues and asked her what we could do to fix them. She responded with, â€Å"You need to stop over analyzing things and just go with the flow.† At first I was taken aback by her statement because instead of taking some of the fault on herself, she put it all on me. But I took a moment to think about what she said and why she was saying it and asked her for suggestions on how to better communicate with each other. She thought about it for a moment and replied, â€Å"I don’t think youâ€⠄¢re a bad communicator, I just think you’re bad at expressing your issues when the time is right. You usually just bottle it up and when it’s too much to keep down, you blow up; which makes itShow MoreRelatedHow Adolescence Should Be Given Opportunities For Communication Among Individuals From Different Cultures1399 Words   |  6 Pagesintercultural friendships in a nation that continues to grow increasingly diverse. This paper explores five published articles pertaining to communication among individuals from different cultures. More specifically focusing on intercultural friendships and the importance of creating opportunities for communication across cultures in adolescents. This paper recognizes a study by the University of Wisconsin, Madison Institute for Research on Poverty that focuses on the effects of communication among childrenRead MoreArticle Critique: Talking Styles Essay example808 Words   |  4 PagesArticle Critique: Talking Styles COM 200: Interpersonal Communication Article Critique: Talking Styles Research has been conducted to determine if communication skills play a role in determining just how long a friendship or relationship will last. If we use the same types of communication or communication skills in our interpersonal relationships, do we stand a better chance at a life-long friendship, or a lasting marriage? The studies have shown that how we communicate with others canRead MoreInterpersonal Relationships And Its Effects On The Family And Community822 Words   |  4 Pagesisolation, and boredom, and people crave for friendship, love, and connectedness (Donald, 1985, p. 26). Such a scenario creates the need for interpersonal relationships including intimate, business, and family relationships, and friendship. The topic of interpersonal relationships has been an area of concern for many disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, and psychology. Academicians aim to discover the combination of factors that sustain or hinder interpersonal relations and why people nee d them. InRead MoreCommunication Theories in Everyday Life1617 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Communication Theories in Everyday Life Communication is an essential part of peoples everyday lives; however, it has many nuances that are dependent on individual and social differences that is, dependent on the cultural context from which communication and interaction occurs. It is through communication theories that daily interactions among people are identified, determined, and understood. Communication theories take into account different components that describe the nature and dynamicsRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Society s Social Life1409 Words   |  6 Pagesbring advantages for people, but at the same time have a negative effect on their behavior. The way they respond to interpersonal relationships and the outcomes that may come from them. For instance, the research about the effects that technology has on social lives, the way social media influences the self- editing thru social comparison, the impact of technological communication has on life and relationship satisfaction. This various research supports the argument presented by Sherryl Turkle inRead MoreCommunication Accommodation Theory ( Cat )1715 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding the difference in culture and region, the panel of interviewers diverge the conversational tone to accommodate the applicant. According to Ayoko, Hà ¤rtel, and Callan (2002), â€Å"Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) examines the attitudes, motives, and communication strategies that shape communication interaction† (p. 167). The company is attempting to further diversify the operators on this team as it understands a diverse crew is beneficial; however, the panel must ensure that the applicantRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Tuesdays With Morrie1620 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom him. After graduation Mitch became a busy man working many different jobs, while also getting married to his wife Janine. Mitch forgot many of the lessons that Morrie had taught him. During this time Mitch struggled with relationships and communication within his life. Mo rrie continued to teach at the University, where his life was full of laughter, dancing, eating, and teaching. He was diagnosed with ALS; this is when Morrie started living. He continued teaching, as he knew it was his last greatRead MoreWhat Makes An Athlete Successful? Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagestheir physical ability and talent, but what most people don’t think of is the communication that the athlete has been surrounded by while playing their game. Interpersonal communication in sport plays a large role in the success of an athlete, and the impact of it starts as soon as we get involved in sport. For some of us that involvement begins when we are toddlers, and for others it may come later in life. The interpersonal relationships athletes develop through sport are coach to player, parent toRead MoreThe Breakfast Club Movie Analysis1668 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents much different from yourself, and forming of new friendships are all situations I have witnessed firsth and. Throughout the movie, communication and the formation of relationships prove to be main focal points. Using concepts such as the Social Penetration Theory, the Uncertainty Reduction Theory, and the Turning Point Model, the famous movie The Breakfast Club successfully demonstrates the many forms of interpersonal communication and the stages of relationship development. The first theoryRead MoreCommunication : The 3 Idiots1577 Words   |  7 PagesBrianna Medley CRN: 55723â€Æ' Communication in â€Å"The 3-Idiots.† Communication is the conveyance of messages from one party to another. However, for communication to be effective, it must reach its intended target and achieve the desired results. Therefore, communication is a fundamental factor in the film shooting and development that ensures that the audience receives the intended communication and reacts to the message as expected. According to Taylor Joseph (2009), communication styles must be applied

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Corporate Social Responsibility and Society

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibility and Society. Answer: Introduction This essay seeks to establish the relationship between morality and corporate social responsibility and how they affect corporate organizations. The essay also seeks to establish the extent to which corporations should engage in corporate social responsibility. There are increasing calls for corporations to be involved in activities of the people that affect its well being (Michalos Poff, 2013). The essay discusses the narrow and the broad views of the corporate social responsibility. I achieved the purpose of this essay by conducting research on various corporations` corporate social responsibility activities in the recent past. Research by authors in this field was reviewed in order to analyze their views and come up with conclusions. The findings of this study are that corporations should be held morally responsible for their actions and they should engage in corporate social responsibility. Can an organization be held morally responsible for its actions? That has been the question that has elicited a lot of debate and there are various arguments that have resulted from this debate. A case example of where the question of corporate moral responsibility was highly debated is the Gulf of Mexico oil spill by BP, an American oil company (Kolb, 2008). This was considered to be morally wrong. Under the American law, corporations are considered persons in law. The question now arises, are corporations moral persons? There is a common argument that only human beings can be morally responsible and so the actions of the corporation are the actions of individual members associated with that organization. This argument is based on the fact that corporations do not have the conscience to determine what is morally right or wrong. Only human beings do hence the people involved in the firm should bear responsibility on behalf of the organization. In the INSEAD (European Institute for Business Administration) ethics conference held recently the issue of moral responsibility for corporations brought about new arguments and ideas on this issue. According to Peter French, a professor of philosophy at Arizona State University who is a proponent of corporate moral theory, there is corporate diachronic moral responsibility. French says that the responsibility of the firm and individuals in the firm are not mutually exclusive. Both the firm and the managers in charge of the organizations can be morally responsib le for the actions of the organization (Brink, 2011). Professor Phillip Pettit of Laurence S.Rockerfeller University argues in support of corporate moral responsibility on a five key claim including the claim that a corporation is a conversable agent. He states that corporations make commitments through words and they are held responsible if they fail to fulfill what they promised. In this view, organizations have their own which is different from its members voice. Therefore both the corporations and the individuals involved in the moral wrong should be held responsible for their actions. Another important argument supporting corporate moral responsibility is that of Christian List of London School Of Economics. According to List, people are held morally responsible because they are intentional agents. Firms should therefore be held responsible where the following three joint necessary and sufficient conditions apply: The first condition is where there is a possibility to do something that is either right or wrong. The second condition is access to relevant information I.e. the person acting on behalf of the organization should be able to be able to make judgment based on the evidence available to them. The third condition is that the agent is in control of which option to choose (Fredrick,2007). There are also various arguments opposing moral responsibility for corporations. According to Manny Velasquez, corporations acts do not originate from the corporation but from the members of the corporation. This therefore means that the people who make decisions for the organization should be held morally responsible if the outcome of their decisions is undesirable. Ian Maitland, Professor of strategic management and entrepreneurship at The University of Minnesota also argues that the idea of corporate moral agency can lead to undesirable outcomes since the people in charge of the firm can be uncountable for their actions. The anthromorphism of corporations does not humanize the firm but actually it makes it inhuman he concludes( Ahner,2007). Corporate social responsibility can be defined as a form of self regulations by a corporation that is integrated in the model of the business of that firm. The organization monitors itself to ensure compliance with the law, ethical standards and international values and norms. Corporate social responsibility can happen in different ways such as philanthropy, economic involvement or even social activities geared toward improving humanity. The narrow view of corporate social responsibility argues against organizations showing corporate social responsibility and should focus solely on making profits. The broad view of corporate social responsibility is a view of role of the corporations. It argues that apart from the business main objective of making profits, the organizations also have a responsibility towards the communities where they operate and they should address the negative outcomes resulting from their operations (Vilcox Mohan, 2007). Arguments for the broad view of corporate social responsibility Social purpose This view of corporate responsibility argues that business cannot make decisions that are solely based from an economic point of view. This is because organizations exist within a society and hence they affect the people living around in one way or another. Businesses therefore have a responsibility towards the people who are involved in its activities. Corporations have a duty toward the employees, suppliers, shareholders the customers and the shareholder. The responsibility of the company towards the employee is to provide a safe and conducive working environment for its employee. Organizations should also conserve the environment in which they carry out their activities(Fernando, 2009). Corporations have power There exists a saying that great power comes with great responsibility. Since business organizations are large and have great power and influence, they have a responsibility towards the community. Corporations have economic, social and political power which they can use to help the society. The economic power of corporations is seen in the profits they make. Many corporations make very huge profits from their business operations and should use part of this proceeds to help the society. This can be done in very many ways including philanthropic work and many other different activities. The social power of organizations is the power of the organizations to influence the culture, norms and values of the people living and involved in it. The corporations should therefore strain towards influencing the culture and values of the people involved in a positive manner. The political responsibility o f the organizations towards the community should be to promote peace and understanding among t he people living in the society. According to this argument, an unwritten agreement between the society and businesses exists. Under this contract, it is the society that makes the rules and guidelines under which the organizations operate. The society also sets the responsibilities of the people living in it. This therefore calls for organizations to adhere to the rules and responsibilities that have been set by the society the moment they decide to operate in that community. Therefore, when the society is focused on ensuring sustainability, high quality life and environmental sustainability, the organizations should also do the same so as to adhere to the set rules and standards. This argument is based on Adam Smiths view that in a free market or society, organizations should be allowed to promote and spearhead their own economic self-interest and they will be guided by an invisible hand in doing so in order to promote the greater good. He argues that if organizations are forced to be involved in corporate social responsibility that will reduce their ability to meet the material needs of the society. This will in turn reduce their well being. Therefore, organizations should be left alone since they are not moral agents. Let the government do it The argument here is that its the responsibility of any government to regulate and set the behavior and standard of corporations and ensure ethical actions. Furthermore its the work of the government to perform the actions and activities that the corporations are expected to perform in the society. Corporations lack expertise According to this argument, the managers of corporations do not have the skills and expertise to set and ensure adherence to norms and values in the society. Corporations have only the expertise to make economic decisions that will affect its welfare. Therefore, organizations should not be involved in corporate social responsibility since they are not experts in them hence cant do it well(Weiss,2014). Materialization of the society According to this argument, if organizations are allowed to be involved in corporate social responsibility, they may use their power and influence to make the society commercial and materialistic. This will advance their profit objective instead of promoting humanity. The broad view is more appealing than the narrow view. This is seen especially in the shortcomings that are involved in the narrow view. The narrow view is not appropriate because, the organizations during Adam smith`s era are different from those that exists nowadays and therefore organizations should be involved in CSR. It is also difficult for the government to go round the country across all the organization controlling them and therefore the organizations should take up social responsibility (Mitchell,2009). Another argument against the narrow view is that people act morally even in areas that they are not experts in and therefore even organizations should do the same. Therefore from this argument the broad view is better than the narrow view. Kantian theory would support the broad view of corporate social responsibility due to the following reasons: According to Kant`s theory, the rightness or wrongness of our actions does not depend on consequences but on whether our duty is fulfilled. Kant believed in a supreme principle of morality which he referred to as The Categorical Imperative.. Kant believed that certain kinds of actions were not allowed at all even when they brought happiness to the person who does that action. An example of these actions is murder, theft or rape. Kant`s argue that before one does this actions he/she must ask themselves some two questions: Can anyone thinking rationally take the same action as about to take? Do my actions respect human goals or are they for my own personal benefit? If the answers to this questions are no, then we should not do that thing. That`s the basic outline of Kant ethics. (Brenkert Beauchamp,2010). The universal idea that supports the broad view of corporate social responsibility is that organizations should engage in social responsibility because the activities that they carry out affect the society. A rationale person should accept this law since business activities affects the people around them and so they should be able to benefit from it. A company that adopts corporate social responsibility is doing its duty. This is because since every person in the society has duties and responsibilities, so should organizations Corporate organization can engage in corporate social responsibility with a view of achieving their ultimate objective which is making profits. This is possible where organizations use the activities that they are involved in to attract more customers for their business. Since most customers feel a connection with a corporate organization that is concerned about their welfare, they will become loyal to the organization (Cory, 2002). This will eventually help the organization to achieve its objective of profit maximization. From the above discussions, the role of businesses in the society in which they operate cannot be underestimated. Corporations are increasingly involved in the social activities in many different ways. The discussion now is not on whether organizations should be involved in corporate social responsibility but to what extent should they be involved. Corporations are even donating more than 5% of their profits to fund social causes. Corporations are also increasingly concerned about environmental conservation and are adopting mechanisms to help protect the environment. Therefore corporations cannot exist without the society and therefore should involve themselves in social responsibilities as much as possible. Conclusion There is a very close relationship between the ethics that exist in a society and the businesses that operate in this society. Organizations should adhere to the rules and responsibilities that are set by the society. Businesses should be morally responsible for their actions. This is seen from the analysis of the theories and arguments discussed in this essay. When organizations are morally responsible for their actions they will take more responsibility towards protecting the welfare of the people who live around it. Therefore organizations should adopt Kant`s theory on ethics in order to fulfill their corporate social responsibilities. References Michalos, A. C., Poff, D. C. (2013). Citation classics from the Journal of business ethics: Celebrating the first thirty years of publication. Dordrecht: Springer. Kolb, R. W. (2008). Encyclopedia of business ethics and society. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Sharp, D. J. (2006). Cases in business ethics. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications. Brink, A. (2011). Corporate Governance and Business Ethics. Fredrick, R. (2007). A Companion to Business Ethics. Chichester: John Wiley Sons. De, G. R. T. (2010). Business ethics. Boston [u.a.: Prentice Hall. Ahner, E. C. (2007). Business ethics. New York: Orbis. Vilcox, M. W., Mohan, T. O. (2007). Contemporary issues in business ethics. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Cory, J. (2002). Activist Business Ethics. Boston, MA: Springer US. Brenkert, G. G., Beauchamp, T. L. (2010). The Oxford handbook of business ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mitchell, C. (2009). A short course in international business ethics: Combining ethics and profits in global business. Petaluma, CA: World Trade Press. Sage brief guide to business ethics. (2012). Los Angeles: SAGE Weiss, J. W. (2014). Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Fernando, A.C. (2009). Business Ethics: An Indian Perspective. Prentice Hall.

Sunday, April 5, 2020

The Crusible Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible, John Proctor

The Crusible The Crucible The Crucible was a story with a wide range of characters. Not only appearance wise but, with different personalities a together. Many characters in this play thought differently from one and other. That is why this book had a few twists and turns to the story. In my profiles, I will display many different characters and theirs different mentality. First I will start with Mr. John Proctor, a.k.a. shoulder checker. John Proctor had always things on his mind. People were always on his mind. John Proctor was always looking out for his mistakes or errors, not because he was picky, but his enemies and competition were. John Proctor was always think out the final result of a situation, like when Betty was spiritually reposed early in the book (Act I, pages 6-12). John Proctor did not care about as Betty as much as the final opinion that the town would have on Proctors white and pure name. Much can be said about Proctors giving and understanding, but I dont want to waste that line. Proctors caring and willing to give people thanks was not his best feature. Proctor was always thing about him, himself and no one else, except the final outcome of the whole situation. Take for example the fellow that wanted to get some tree off Proctors land. Even though Proctor had probably no knowledge of the trees on his land, he still wanted a piece of the pie. Proctor wanted always money. He was money hungry and cheap. Basically Proctor was a would be if he could be. Proctor was always trying to fit into the high class crowd. He would flash his power and money on the middle class or poorer people. But when Proctor was around people like Hale (Hale was well educated and stood up for thins kind of guy) he would try to act up to his class but he couldnt really because inside he really knew he couldnt. Then the one life ending, marriage-destroying fault that Proctor would ever do was sleep with Abigail. That action right there would kill Proctor not physically (yet) but mentally would haunt him later ... his wife. The perfect example was when Hale approached John and Elizabeth Proctor. John Proctor was asked if he could name the seven commandments (Act II, page 65). John Proctor (with Elizabeth by his side) was able to name them all except the most crucial one, for John Proctor, Adultery. With Elizabeth knowing all the information before hand, she was totally convinced that John Proctor was indeed guilty of committing the sin of Adultery with Abigail Williams. I think John Proctor did change towards the end of the play because of he mood and situation that he was in. At the end (Act II) John Proctor was being executed and he truly did love his wife. His moods and heart changed to tell Elizabeth how he really felt about her. John really did love her. John Proctors attitude really did change form me, myself and I, to who is in need the most besides me. The next character I will talk about is Abigail Williams. Abigail was the sour apple of the bunch in this book, but really couldn't help it because it's hard to be a sweet apple when the roots of the tree you came from were sour. Abigail was an orphan and all. She used her body to get things or people she wanted to. Even though Abigail was almost an adult, by many she was still basically treated like a child, to be seen but not to be heard. This was the attitude in town for all of the children. I think Abigails most interesting feature is that she lies through thick and thin. At the end of Act II, Abigail (under oath) was lying in order to save herself. The point is Abigail didn't care to whom she is lying. It could be a judge or even Proctor it really didnt make a difference to her as long as she was able to save herself. The way she lies was sometimes quite entertaining. In Act III, Abigail thought there was a bird on the ceiling and did a good job convincing every one else that there

Sunday, March 8, 2020

Free Essays on The Spotted Owl

The mere mention of the creature’s name brings shudders to loggers and some local inhabitants; fear over its existence has incited rallies, garnered the attention of three government agencies, and caused people to tie themselves to trees. In May 1991, Federal District Judge William Dwyer issued a landmark decision finding that the Forest Service had violated the National Forest Management Act by failing to implement an acceptable management plan for the northern spotted owl. His decision forbade timber sales across the spotted owl region until the Forest Service implemented an acceptable plan. An injunction blocking timber sales in Northern Spotted Owl habitat affected 17 national forests in Washington, Oregon and Northern California. On April 2, 1993, President Bill Clinton embarked on a quest to settle a long-standing battle. Participants were seated at three large roundtables. The environmentalists and their lawyers gathered on one side, with their attempts to protect natural resources, and the timber industry’s desire for the same on the other. The participants were asked to make three-minute statements; the table was then opened for questions and discussion among those seated at the table and officials in attendance (Post, Lawrence, Weber, 1999 p 320). The environmental protection laws we have, such as the Endangered Species Act, are like the red idiot lights going on simultaneous with something terrible happening to your car†¦when that happens, it is too late to think about a tune-up. You simply have to stop. And the answer is not disconnecting the idiot lights, just as the answer to the forest management dilemma is not suspending or disobeying the laws that let us know we have a serious problem (Post, Lawrence, Weber, 1999 p 320) . Round table members included representatives for the timber industry. The lumber industry’s concern is that building materials derived from wood have gone up at least $5,000.0... Free Essays on The Spotted Owl Free Essays on The Spotted Owl The mere mention of the creature’s name brings shudders to loggers and some local inhabitants; fear over its existence has incited rallies, garnered the attention of three government agencies, and caused people to tie themselves to trees. In May 1991, Federal District Judge William Dwyer issued a landmark decision finding that the Forest Service had violated the National Forest Management Act by failing to implement an acceptable management plan for the northern spotted owl. His decision forbade timber sales across the spotted owl region until the Forest Service implemented an acceptable plan. An injunction blocking timber sales in Northern Spotted Owl habitat affected 17 national forests in Washington, Oregon and Northern California. On April 2, 1993, President Bill Clinton embarked on a quest to settle a long-standing battle. Participants were seated at three large roundtables. The environmentalists and their lawyers gathered on one side, with their attempts to protect natural resources, and the timber industry’s desire for the same on the other. The participants were asked to make three-minute statements; the table was then opened for questions and discussion among those seated at the table and officials in attendance (Post, Lawrence, Weber, 1999 p 320). The environmental protection laws we have, such as the Endangered Species Act, are like the red idiot lights going on simultaneous with something terrible happening to your car†¦when that happens, it is too late to think about a tune-up. You simply have to stop. And the answer is not disconnecting the idiot lights, just as the answer to the forest management dilemma is not suspending or disobeying the laws that let us know we have a serious problem (Post, Lawrence, Weber, 1999 p 320) . Round table members included representatives for the timber industry. The lumber industry’s concern is that building materials derived from wood have gone up at least $5,000.0...

Friday, February 21, 2020

Macroecenomics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Macroecenomics - Assignment Example The graph below shows some variations in the level of exports and imports made by the UK for the period of 1993 to 1998. The same trade and production pattern is observed when it comes to France, though both import and export levels for France are lower as compared to the UK. The major products exported by France are planes, helicopters, and spacecraft and vehicle parts. The major products imported by France are rude petroleum, refined petroleum and packed medicaments. The graph below shows the variations in the levels of imports and exports produced by France between the periods of 1985 to 2005. The same case of an increase in both level of exports and imports have been experienced in USA since 1973. This is due to the general increase in the level of demand as well as the GDP, increase in the level of imports so as to sustain the industrial growth and demand. Some of the major products exported by the Unites States are cars, refined petroleum and gas turbines while imports include cars, computers and broadcasting equipments. The graph below shows the variations of the sea foods imports and exports produced by the United States between the periods of 1997 and 2007. Between the periods of the year 1975 to 2013, the United States of America have an average GDP of $ 6145.56 billion. Since then it has had an average exports products of $1769.76 billion and imports products of $117.6 billion. We have observed a lower degree in the openness of the USA with respect to the United Kingdom and France since it some peculiar commercial policies. Unlike in the UK and France, the total amount US’s GDP is contributed less by its imports and exports. This lowers its market degree of openness as compared to the others. The inflation rate between 2013 and 2014 will be given by the slope of my graph, it will be given by: (2.4-2.2)/ (3.5-3.6)=0.2/-0.1=-0.2, meaning that in this

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Non-Malignanat Palliative Care -Assignment 2 Assignment

Non-Malignanat Palliative Care - 2 - Assignment Example lignant conditions which need palliative care because of the degree of suffering in the end-stage. One such disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Croft, 2005). Patients with this condition develop many symptoms which cause great discomfort and despair not only to the patient but also their dear ones. According to Deane (2008), "patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease follow a slowly-declining disease trajectory, punctuated by acute episodes of ill health, until the acute episode that proves to be the fatal one." â€Å"More often than not, death is sudden and unexpected† (Deane, 2008). The only solace to such patients would be to provide a comprehensive care which takes care of the physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual and religious needs of the patients so that they lead a peaceful life until their death (Croft, 2005). Such a care is known as palliative care. In this project various aspects of palliative care will be discussed which are individu alized and tailor-made to a 85 year old patient by name James with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in end-of-life situation. Palliative care needs of patients with COPD James is a known patient of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and suffers from severe breathlessness, distress, despair and discomfort. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD is a devastating medical illness which causes a great degree of human suffering (GOLD, 2008). It characterized by non-reversible airway obstruction due to either emphysema or chronic bronchitis or both. It is not only a major health issue but also a significant source of economic and social burden (Fromer and Cooper, 2008). One of the most frightening and debilitating symptom of COPD is breathlessness which is progressive. The most common cause of COPD is cigarette smoking (Silvermann and Speizer, 1996). This condition affects about 15% of cigarette smokers (NICE, 2004). Many patients with COPD do not receive appropriate end-of0 life care because of the unpredictable course of their disease (Deane, 2008). Along with these symptoms, patients with COPD have other co morbidities which need to be managed too (Deane, 2008). Though the clinical course of COPD is not predicable, end-of-life care is yet possible. In the last year of life, patients like James with COPD are likely to suffer from chronic dyspnea, low mood, weakness, easy fatiguibility and pain (Deane, 2008). COPD most commonly presents as acute infection of the lungs or cough that is productive. The disease is progressive and eventually, the patient develops breathlessness which, over the course of the disease because the most predominant and distressing syndrome. The patient also begins to suffer from exercise intolerance and also easy fatiguibility. All these symptoms make the life of the patient miserable and helpless. The main reason for breathlessness is poor oxygenation of the lungs and ventilation perfusion defects.

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

The Relationship Between Entrepreneurship And Innovation Commerce Essay

The Relationship Between Entrepreneurship And Innovation Commerce Essay What is the relationship between entrepreneurship and innovation? Depending on which model you are looking at entrepreneurship has a differing relationship with innovation. There are definitions out there that make an entrepreneurial behaviour almost identical to that of innovation. Is there more to innovation than being entrepreneurial? Can entrepreneurship be defined by innovation? These are some questions I intend to answer throughout the essay and I will examine and determine how the two are related, however large or small the relationship is. Up to 1 in 3 business start-ups fail within the first three years and with the amount of start ups, 3 per minute in 2001, there is a lot of prospective, hopeful entrepreneurs aiming to succeed in business but fail. What is the difference in characteristics between those that succeed and fail, is there a clear differentiation and can the amount of innovation used by the entrepreneur effect the success of the business? I aim to come to a conc lusion and answer all of these questions throughout and critically analyse differing theories. Both of the terms are often used interchangeably with little understanding of the differentiation between the two (David Johnson, 2001). My interpretation of innovation is that it has a lot to do with the invention of a product or a process and is a change in the norm, which then becomes the norm. A good example which would show innovation would be the movement from the floppy disk to the CD ROM, this is a clear move with a totally different design and then became the norm, till further innovation happened and the USB flash drive has become the most common for file storing and transfer. The question of defining entrepreneurship and linking it to innovation is harder than it sounds. There are many studies of entrepreneurship however there is no specific definition as it cannot be summed up into one single statement. There are various models showing a differing correlation between innovation and entrepreneurship. I see the link between the two as one in which, if worked together in har mony there can be a prefect outcome in terms of the success of an entrepreneur. Not everyone who starts up a business is an entrepreneur; it is the one who makes the best outcome of any opportunity given throughout the life of a business that will be a successful entrepreneur. There are different characteristics and different circumstances surrounding each successful entrepreneurs story but each made it down their route to become successful. A good idea is nothing more than a tool in the hands of an entrepreneur.'(Jeffry Timmons 1977) This idea shows that innovation, or the idea is just one single aspect of the processes of the entrepreneur in the making of, and continuing the success of a business. Therefore this means there is a relationship visible but it cannot be said it is one that says that entrepreneurship is more than just an idea, or innovation but it is using that idea. Innovations are the composite of two worlds, namely, the technical, and the business; so when only a change in technology is involved, this is just an invention; but as soon as the business world is involved, it becomes an Innovation. (Schumpeter 1934). An entrepreneur is an individual who establishes and manages a business for the principle purposes of profit and growth. The entrepreneur is characterised principally by innovative behaviour and will employ strategic management practices in the business this explanation is very relevant to what I am trying to explain and the link with business shows how entrepreneurs in business can be innovative. (Carland et al, 1984). These are how innovation and entrepreneurship can be defined in 2 different models. They can both be linked into each other visibly due to the idea of business in innovation and the innovative behaviour. However they can also be criticised due to saying entrepreneurs are only in pursuit of profit but this would depend on the personality of the individual. The founder of Oxfam, Joe Mitty, was solely interested in making money for charity and was a volunteer. Schumpeters view of creative destruction (1934) refers to the entrepreneur introducing a new idea that takes over a market and links entrepreneurs to economic growth and development. This could be an idea of shifting production processes, reducing the size of the workforce to increase productivity or indeed the introduction of a new product. The reason the introduction of the new idea has such an effect is, because of the unpredictability of the introduction, meaning there is no chance to prepare and lessen the impact of the new idea. Therefore Schumpeters theory was very much in line and the link innovation has with the entrepreneur is clear and represented by the fact that this creative destruction often leads to the overhaul of a market and takes over the old idea. For example the DVD, taking over VHS, and now they do not sell VHS in HMV and most other leading electronic multi media stores. The view of Kirzner (1973) is that entrepreneurs are individuals that recognise opportunity and find gaps in the market and test the viability of new business by trial and error and feedback from the market. Therefore these two views are contrasting with Kirzners view of entrepreneurship related more markets and gaps within them, and the responsiveness of an individual to react and make the most of this opportunity, rather than seeing the opportunity for a new product or idea, rather than simply moulding or adapting what is there already to gain market share. After this an entrepreneur differentiates from just an opportunist introduction and realisation of the idea by carrying on the idea and turning it into a viable business. These two ideas give a different level of linkage with innovation, rather than the destruction of Schumpeters model which creates the market for the product, Kirzner believes it is about adapting the idea to fit into the market, so the innovation may be seen as more lapse and less extreme in Kirzners case. OECD (1998) states that: (they) accelerate the generation, dissemination and application of innovative ideas this sums up one particular idea of the relationship between the two; it implies that entrepreneurship is innovative however, innovation is not always entrepreneurial. Innovation may only be one aspect in the beginning, or perhaps innovation should happen throughout and be continued through the life of the business to attempt to keep ahead of competition. Innovation is not always a radical destruction of a current process or product and it can just be a small alteration to current product or process. E.G. Sir Stelios Haji-Ioannou, an entrepreneur and the founder of easy jet, took an idea and used his business mind and talents to create and exploit the market, however did not invent any new innovative product, or production process but he spotted an opportunity for a budget airline which opened air travel up to the masses, whom perhaps could not afford what was there before it. Schere (1982) sums up an entrepreneur by giving their characteristics, it states they have a tolerance for stress and uncertainty, a real life example here can be the entrepreneur I interviewed, John Russell, who had to support a family at the same time as remortgaging his house and set up a business. To get through the stress of this whilst setting up and pursuing a successful business would take a lot of tolerance and self belief. The tolerance of uncertainty could be linked to innovation, if it is a new process or product and it has not been tried and tested in a market as is discussed by Kirzner (1973), the entrepreneur is taking a big risk even if the gap in the market it there in theory, there is no certainty due to the irrational behaviour of consumers. Schere gives a characteristic of entrepreneurs that they are open minded and can react quickly to change. The nature of innovation is that however prepared or quickly entrepreneurs can react they are often powerless to prevent a total overhaul of a market, due to the action of another entrepreneur (Schumpeter 1934). Timmons et al (1985) gives one of the largest sets of traits in the field. The trait of having the drive to achieve and grow is one of them. The drive to grow is one trait of interest and can be linked in to what has already been discussed, due to the distinction between innovation and entrepreneurship, with innovation being the starting point of a process and the entrepreneurial side leading to the growth of the business, however innovation would be needed throughout the life of the business to lead to a growth in the idea, an example is Simon Cowell who from X factor went on to expand using entrepreneurial prowess to take it into other countries and then went on and created Britains got talent, which introduced a new idea and process to the TV industry. Simon Cowell, just one example can already counter the idea of Timmons et al, of they have Low need for status and power, as it is visible that this interests him. Theories giving traits of entrepreneurs, however, is a generalisation of all entrepreneurs and can be easily criticised as there are so many different types and individual entrepreneurs that cannot be segmented and categorised. The studies give traits of entrepreneurs and do not take into account the background. For example, one entrepreneur may be a university graduate, whilst another could be a middle aged worker who has found a way doing what their business is doing more efficiently. Therefore it is likely that the traits they portray are not all identical to each other. If all the traits an entrepreneur is said to portray in journals and articles are true then entrepreneurs would be close to perfectly efficient and functioning human beings. People can also be innovative but cannot make the step up to become entrepreneurial, the BBC television programme (2. The Age of Plenty, The Foods that make Billions 2010) it shows us the story of how business has turned grain into one of the biggest success stories of the modern food industry. In the beginning it was one of the Kellogg brothers who invented the product; however it was the other one of the brothers that took it forward as a business. The person who created the idea is the brother of the entrepreneur and he could be seen as innovative. His brother was the one who took the idea further, by increasing the product range and adding sugar to it where his brother chose not to. Therefore a differentiation is shown here between the two thought processes of simply just an inventor and then an entrepreneurial mind that has increased the size of the company, and its profits, significantly. Apple, in recent times, is a great example to use when referring to both entrepreneurial expertise and new innovative products. Before the IPod was launched on October 23rd 2001, there were there means of personal media players which people were satisfied with. However the idea of 1000 songs in your pocket came by surprise and nobody could have predicted it. People used portable CD players and walkmans without realising the potential and they were later deemed clunky and useless. However, The IPod has become a household name, and despite not being the first mp3 player they revolutionised the MP3 and now people call them IPods rather than mp3 players. Here the iPod can be seen to be in line with Schumpeters idea of creative destruction (1934) because it is an example of how a new introduction (of the iPod) effectively destroyed the ideas that came before it, e.g. people dont use walkman anymore, due to the intro of the iPod. The reason Apple is a near perfect example of a complementar y relationship between both innovation and entrepreneurship is because of their actions after the initial introduction, and the way in which they continued to use innovative strategies and keep up the level of innovation and did not settle on the idea. Further developments on the IPod were brought to the market, for example the mini, shuffle, nano and the touch were all further innovations, and then they continued to create other products under the Apple brand. They made the new Mac books, the air and the pro, Apple Macs which further competed with other computer companies than they did in the past. Then more recently they have made the I Phone, which has 4 different models, and potentially more, iPad and in the future they are also looking into moving into a new (for them) form of media, TV. These innovative ideas, along with the fact that they are becoming a market leader in electronics and making huge profits year on year, whilst banging nails into past leader of the portable med ia industry (with the walkman) Sonys coffin (Naughton, 2010). They demonstrate perfectly why innovation has such a relationship with entrepreneurship. The reality of it is, however, one day there will be innovation, not by apple, and perhaps not by any of the current firms in the electronics market, that will kill off apple and lead to a new market leader. Due to the nature of innovation, however much Apple prepare they will not be able to prevent this happening. Druckers source of opportunity (1985) is a model in which the opportunities for an entrepreneur come about both internally and externally. Internally through inadequacy, changes in market or coming about through chance; or externally through perception and mood, demographic changes and new knowledge, from individuals or chance revelations. Small firms are more innovative than their large firm counterparts, being less bound by convention and more flexible (Carter Jones-Evans 2006) This suggests that in large firms which have set policy and running to it, would be more ridged, and therefore less reactive to a change in the market and could be pushed out of the market due to new innovative firms taking over. Therefore for a business to succeed in the long term they may need innovative ideas to survive and prevent being overtaken by the more innovative smaller firms. To sum up the relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship is not a simple thing to do with a single sentence answer. What I can conclude is that there is a differing relationship between the two in different fields of study. A common idea of the relationship is that it is a dependant one, in which both are needed in an economy to stimulate economic growth. The idea that innovation is a part of the entrepreneurial process is one that I agree with, there can be innovation without an entrepreneur involved; however there cannot be a successful entrepreneurial venture without the input of innovation. This is because innovation is what will be the distinction between ideas, without innovation there may be change or progression and this could lead to a stagnant economy. The examples I have given of entrepreneurs are ones that I believe show a differing amount of innovation, but similar amounts of success, Stelios had merely a change in the pricing and strategy of airline firms whic h when compared to the example of apple is only a small change, however, innovation is still shown and is still important. Overall in most cases it is not just an individual entrepreneur people may be inspired by an individual innovative idea and create entrepreneurial flow of a business over time as a team which can lead to great success with the right mix of both innovation and entrepreneurial processes.